4D formation of human embryonic forelimb musculature.
4D formation of human embryonic forelimb musculature.
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.194746
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发表时间：
2021-02-17
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Logan MPO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wilde S;Feneck EM;Mohun TJ;Logan MPO
肌肉的大小、形状和插入部位使它们能够执行移动和支撑骨骼的精确功能。尽管前肢解剖学已得到很好的描述，但对于确保个体肌肉达到成熟形态的胚胎事件却知之甚少。需要对人类前肢肌肉发育的描述来了解控制正常肌肉形成的事件，并确定哪些事件在肌肉无法正常形成的先天性异常中受到干扰。我们使用光学投影断层扫描提供了卡内基第 18 阶段和第 22 阶段之间正在发育的人类上肢肌肉的新 4D 解剖学特征。我们发现肌肉以渐进波的形式发育，从近端到远端，从浅表到深层。我们表明，一些肌束经历分裂事件以形成单独的肌肉，而另一些肌束则移位以到达前肢内的正确位置。最后，我们发现掌长肌从发育早期就无法形成。我们的研究揭示了使新生肌束在人类前肢内达到成熟形式和位置的关键事件的发生时间并提出了机制。摘要：对人类上肢肌肉组织在胚胎发育过程中的详细 4D 解剖学描述揭示了使新生肌束正确形成的重要事件。
The size, shape and insertion sites of muscles enable them to carry out their precise functions in moving and supporting the skeleton. Although forelimb anatomy is well described, much less is known about the embryonic events that ensure individual muscles reach their mature form. A description of human forelimb muscle development is needed to understand the events that control normal muscle formation and to identify what events are disrupted in congenital abnormalities in which muscles fail to form normally. We provide a new, 4D anatomical characterisation of the developing human upper limb muscles between Carnegie stages 18 and 22 using optical projection tomography. We show that muscles develop in a progressive wave, from proximal to distal and from superficial to deep. We show that some muscle bundles undergo splitting events to form individual muscles, whereas others translocate to reach their correct position within the forelimb. Finally, we show that palmaris longus fails to form from early in development. Our study reveals the timings of, and suggests mechanisms for, crucial events that enable nascent muscle bundles to reach their mature form and position within the human forelimb. Summary: A detailed 4D anatomical description of the human upper limb musculature through embryonic development reveals important events that enable nascent muscle bundles to form correctly.