Structure and function of the Arctic and Antarctic marine microbiota as revealed by metagenomics
Structure and function of the Arctic and Antarctic marine microbiota as revealed by metagenomics
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-020-00826-9
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发表时间：
2019-12
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Weipeng Zhang;Shunan Cao;W. Ding;Meng Wang;Shenhou Fan;Bo Yang;A. McMinn;Min Wang;B. Xie;Qi-Long Qin;Xiulan Chen;Jian-cheng He;Yu‐Zhong Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weipeng Zhang;Shunan Cao;W. Ding;Meng Wang;Shenhou Fan;Bo Yang;A. McMinn;Min Wang;B. Xie;Qi-Long Qin;Xiulan Chen;Jian-cheng He;Yu‐Zhong Zhang
背景北极和南极是地球上地理上距离最远的两个生物区。最近的采样工作和后续的元基因组学揭示了全球海洋微生物的多样性和功能，但极地地区的微生物区系还没有被包括在这种全球分析中。结果对来自北极和南极地区28个地点不同深度的海水样本(n=60)进行了元基因组研究，并与塔拉海的元基因组一起进行了研究。超过7500个(19%)极地海水衍生的作业分类单位无法在TaraOcean数据集中识别，超过3900,000个编码蛋白质的基因同源基因在海洋微生物参考基因目录中没有匹配。对从极地海水微生物群中发现的214个超基因组组装基因组(MAG)进行了分析，发现了在极地地区普遍存在的菌株，而在温带海水中几乎检测不到它们。这些微生物的代谢途径重建表明，糖和脂的生物合成、硝酸盐和硫酸盐的还原以及二氧化碳的固定具有多功能性。北极和南极微生物群落的比较表明，抗药性基因在北极丰富，DNA重组等功能在南极丰富。结论我们的数据突出了北极和南极海水中存在优势和局部丰富的微生物，具有独特的适应环境的功能特征，为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组提供了基础。
BackgroundThe Arctic and Antarctic are the two most geographically distant bioregions on earth. Recent sampling efforts and following metagenomics have shed light on the global ocean microbial diversity and function, yet the microbiota of polar regions has not been included in such global analyses.ResultsHere a metagenomic study of seawater samples (n= 60) collected from different depths at 28 locations in the Arctic and Antarctic zones was performed, together with metagenomes from theTaraOceans. More than 7500 (19%) polar seawater-derived operational taxonomic units could not be identified in theTaraOceans datasets, and more than 3,900,000 protein-coding gene orthologs had no hits in the Ocean Microbial Reference Gene Catalog. Analysis of 214 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from the polar seawater microbiomes, revealed strains that are prevalent in the polar regions while nearly undetectable in temperate seawater. Metabolic pathway reconstruction for these microbes suggested versatility for saccharide and lipids biosynthesis, nitrate and sulfate reduction, and CO2fixation. Comparison between the Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes revealed that antibiotic resistance genes were enriched in the Arctic while functions like DNA recombination were enriched in the Antarctic.ConclusionsOur data highlight the occurrence of dominant and locally enriched microbes in the Arctic and Antarctic seawater with unique functional traits for environmental adaption, and provide a foundation for analyzing the global ocean microbiome in a more complete perspective.Video abstract.