Cognitive and behavioral precursors of schizophrenia
Cognitive and behavioral precursors of schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579499002175
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cornblatt, B;Obuchowski, M;Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L
注意力缺陷是精神分裂症患者及其高危后代的既定特征，表明注意力与精神分裂症之间存在生物学联系。本研究的目的是阐明注意力在疾病中的发展作用。数据收集自 1977 年至今参与纽约高风险项目的 87 名精神分裂症高风险和低风险受试者。如果父母一方或双方患有精神分裂症，则该人被认为处于高风险。对注意力和整体行为的分析（以大约 12 至 26 岁为间隔进行测量）表明：（a）在未来将患上精神分裂症谱系障碍（前谱系 [PSP] 组）的高风险儿童中，可以可靠地检测到注意力缺陷：（b）这些缺陷是稳定的，随着时间的推移持续存在，并且似乎反映了注意力能力受损； (c) PSP 组的注意力不受疾病发作的影响； (d) 对于所有主体来说，注意力和整体行为遵循独立的发展路径； (e) 行为困难，但不是注意力缺陷，似乎对环境因素高度敏感，尤其是由患有精神疾病的父母养育。结论是，PSP 个体的注意力受损可能是由于产前发育异常（可能在细胞水平上）造成的，并且可能是精神分裂症的生物学脆弱性的标志。此外，与早期行为困难相反，注意力缺陷被认为是筛查需要早期干预的青少年的有用的第一步。
Attentional deficits are well-established characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their at-risk offspring, suggesting a biological connection between attention and schizophrenia. The goal of this study is to clarify the developmental role of attention in the illness. Data has been collected from 87 subjects at high and low risk for schizophrenia who have participated in the New York High-Risk Project from 1977 to the present. Individuals are considered to be at high risk if either or both of their parents has schizophrenia. Analyses of attention and global behaviors, measured at intervals from about 12 to 26 years of age, indicate (a) attentional deficits can be reliably detected in high-risk children who will develop future schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (the prespectrum [PSP] group): (b) these deficits at-e stable, enduring over time, and appear to reflect a compromised attentional capacity; (c) attention is not affected by the onset of illness in the PSP group; (d) for all subjects, attention and global behaviors follow independent developmental pathways; and (e) behavioral difficulties, but not attention deficits, appear to be highly sensitive to environmental factors, especially rearing by a mentally ill parent. It is concluded that in PSP individuals impaired attention probably results from prenatal developmental abnormalities (possibly on the cellular level) and is likely to be a marker of a biological vulnerability to schizophrenia. In addition, attentional deficits, as opposed to early behavioral difficulties, are concluded to be a useful first step in screening for youngsters in need of early intervention.