Combining work and family life: the pension penalty of caring
Combining work and family life: the pension penalty of caring
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DOI：
10.1017/s0144686x03001314
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Glaser, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Evandrou, M;Glaser, K
本文使用的工作和照顾的历史信息，从英国家庭和工作生活调查（1994/5），以研究提供家庭照顾及其对就业和随后的国家和私人养老金权利中年男性和女性的影响。对于在中年负有照顾责任的为数众多的少数妇女来说，将有偿就业与照顾结合起来并不是一种选择。五分之一曾经承担过照顾责任的中年妇女报告说，在开始照顾孩子后，她们完全停止了工作，另有五分之一的人报告说，她们工作时间更少，收入更少，或者只能在有限的时间内工作。与其他群体相比，参加职业养恤金计划的因照料他人而停止工作的男女人数较少;他们积累的缴款年数少于继续工作的同行，这直接影响到他们晚年的养恤金收入水平。扩大雇主的计划，帮助工人平衡有偿工作和家庭责任，将有助于更多的照顾者留在劳动力市场，新的“工作税收抵免”中明确照顾者的内容也是如此。还应考虑将第二级养恤金的信贷扩大到每周提供照料超过16个小时且收入低于收入下限的工作照料者。这将确保兼顾低薪工作和照顾的照顾者不会因工作而受到惩罚，并确保他们对社会的无偿贡献得到承认。
This paper uses work and caring history information from the British Family and Working Lives Survey (1994/5) to examine the provision of family care and its impact upon the employment and the subsequent state and private pension entitlement among mid-life men and women. Combining paid employment with care-giving was not an option for a significant minority of women with caring responsibilities in mid-life. One-in-five mid-life women who have ever had caring responsibilities reported that, upon starting caring, they stopped work altogether, and another one-in-five reported that they worked fewer hours, earned less money or could only work restricted hours. Fewer men and women who stopped work as a result of caring were members of an occupational pension scheme than other groups; and they had accumulated fewer years of contributions than their counterparts who continued working, with direct implications for their level of pension income in later life. The extension of employers' schemes to help workers balance paid work and family responsibilities would facilitate more carers remaining in the labour market, as would an explicit carers' dimension within the new 'Working Tax Credit'. Consideration should also be given to extending credits for second tier pensions to working carers who provide care for over 16 hours a week and who earn below the lower earnings limit. This will ensure that carers who juggle low paid work and care are not penalised for working, and that their unpaid contribution to society is recognised.