A 'snip' in time: what is the best age to circumcise?
A 'snip' in time: what is the best age to circumcise?
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2431-12-20
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发表时间：
2012-02-28
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Mindel, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morris, Brian J.;Waskett, Jake H.;Mindel, Adrian
工作背景：包皮环切术是一种常见的手术，但区域和社会的态度不同，是否有必要为男性进行包皮环切术，如果是，在什么年龄。这是一个重要的问题，许多父母，但也儿科医生，其他医生，政策制定者，公共卫生当局，医疗机构，和男性本身。讨论：我们在这里表明，婴儿期是临床包皮环切术的最佳时间，因为婴儿的低流动性有利于局部麻醉的使用，不需要缝合，愈合快，美容效果通常很好，成本最低，并发症并不常见婴儿包皮环切术的好处包括预防尿路感染（肾瘢痕形成的一个原因），减少包皮炎性疾病的风险，如龟头包皮炎，包皮损伤，包茎和包茎。当男孩后来变得性活跃时，他对艾滋病毒和其他病毒性传播感染（如生殖器疱疹和致癌的人乳头瘤病毒）以及阴茎癌的风险有实质性的保护。他的女性伴侣患宫颈癌的风险也降低了。在青春期或成年期进行包皮环切术可能会引起对疼痛、阴茎损伤或性快感降低的恐惧，尽管这是毫无根据的。需要休假或上学，费用更高，并发症的风险也更大，愈合较慢，必须使用缝线或组织胶。总结：婴儿包皮环切术安全，简单，方便，成本效益高。现有证据强烈支持婴儿期是包皮环切术的最佳时间。
Background: Circumcision is a common procedure, but regional and societal attitudes differ on whether there is a need for a male to be circumcised and, if so, at what age. This is an important issue for many parents, but also pediatricians, other doctors, policy makers, public health authorities, medical bodies, and males themselves.Discussion: We show here that infancy is an optimal time for clinical circumcision because an infant's low mobility facilitates the use of local anesthesia, sutures are not required, healing is quick, cosmetic outcome is usually excellent, costs are minimal, and complications are uncommon. The benefits of infant circumcision include prevention of urinary tract infections (a cause of renal scarring), reduction in risk of inflammatory foreskin conditions such as balanoposthitis, foreskin injuries, phimosis and paraphimosis. When the boy later becomes sexually active he has substantial protection against risk of HIV and other viral sexually transmitted infections such as genital herpes and oncogenic human papillomavirus, as well as penile cancer. The risk of cervical cancer in his female partner(s) is also reduced. Circumcision in adolescence or adulthood may evoke a fear of pain, penile damage or reduced sexual pleasure, even though unfounded. Time off work or school will be needed, cost is much greater, as are risks of complications, healing is slower, and stitches or tissue glue must be used.Summary: Infant circumcision is safe, simple, convenient and cost-effective. The available evidence strongly supports infancy as the optimal time for circumcision.