Tissue lead concentration during chronic exposure of Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) to lead nitrate in aquarium water.
Tissue lead concentration during chronic exposure of Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) to lead nitrate in aquarium water.
复制标题
Pimephales promelas（黑头米诺）长期暴露于水族馆水中的硝酸铅期间的组织铅浓度。
DOI：
10.1021/es060811o
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Bogden,JohnD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spokas,EricG;Spur,BerndW;Smith,Holly;Kemp,FrancisW;Bogden,JohnD
黑头鲦鱼是评价废水毒性的有用物种。虽然这种鱼被广泛用于金属毒性的“生存”研究，但很少或没有对金属在黑头鲦鱼的组织分布进行研究。为了确定组织铅的分布，研究人员对养在软合成淡水中的鱼进行了数周的水族馆研究。将硝酸铅（II）添加到三个水族箱中，达到20 - 30 ppb（水族箱B）， 100 - 140 ppb（水族箱C）和大约200 ppb（水族箱D）的浓度。结果与对照组（水族馆A）比较。在最初的一周内，大多数D水族馆的鱼死亡，而其他组的鱼很少死亡。铅的积累是剂量和组织依赖的，鳃吸收最高。水族馆D鱼的鳃浓度平均比骨骼或皮肤和肌肉中的浓度高约4倍。在体外实验中，铅（2.5 - 25ppm）导致在生理缓冲液中培养的鳃中还原性谷胱甘肽/氧化谷胱甘肽（GSH/GSSG）的比例呈剂量依赖性降低。这些研究结果表明，黑头鲦鱼鳃对水中铅的结合和积累具有快速和优先性，并提出了在低水硬度条件下鳃脂质过氧化导致铅中毒的可能性。
The fathead minnow is a useful species for evaluating the toxicity of wastewater effluents. While this fish is widely used for “survival” studies of metal toxicity, little or no work has been done on the tissue distribution of metals in fathead minnows. To determine the distribution of tissue lead, aquarium studies were conducted for several weeks with fish maintained in soft synthetic freshwater. Lead(II) nitrate was added to three aquaria attaining concentrations of 20−30 ppb (aquarium B), 100−140 ppb (aquarium C), and roughly 200 ppb (aquarium D). Results were compared to controls (aquarium A). During the initial week, the majority of aquarium D fish died, whereas few deaths occurred in the other groups. Lead accumulation was dose- and tissue-dependent, with highest uptake by the gills. Gill concentrations of aquarium D fish averaged about 4-fold higher than in skeleton or skin and muscle. In vitro, lead (2.5−25 ppm) caused dose-dependent reductions in the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in gills incubated in physiological buffer. These findings demonstrate that fathead minnow gills bind and accumulate waterborne lead rapidly and preferentially and raise the possibility that gill lipid peroxidation contributes to lead toxicity at low water hardness.