Legionella phospholipases implicated in virulence.
Legionella phospholipases implicated in virulence.
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DOI：
10.1007/82_2013_348
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Kuhle;A. Flieger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kuhle;A. Flieger
磷脂酶是真核生物及其病原菌产生的多种酶。几种病原体磷脂酶已被确定为主要的毒力因子，主要以两种不同的模式起作用：一方面，它们具有破坏宿主膜的能力，另一方面，它们能够操纵宿主信号通路。细菌磷脂酶的反应产物可作为宿主内的第二信使，并因此影响炎症级联反应和细胞过程，如增殖、迁移、细胞骨架变化以及膜运输。肺病原体和细胞内复制细菌嗜肺军团菌表达多种磷脂酶，可能参与疾病促进过程。到目前为止，已经鉴定了编码15种磷脂酶A、3种磷脂酶C和1种磷脂酶D的基因。这些细胞相关的或分泌的磷脂酶可能有助于细胞内的建立，病原体从宿主细胞中排出，以及观察到的肺病理学。由于磷脂酶活性对于宿主细胞过程的重要性，可以想象病原体酶可以模拟或替代宿主细胞磷脂酶来驱动过程以使病原体受益。第二章总结了L.嗜肺磷脂酶，特别是其底物特异性，定位，分泌模式和对宿主细胞的影响。
Phospholipases are diverse enzymes produced in eukaryotic hosts and their bacterial pathogens. Several pathogen phospholipases have been identified as major virulence factors acting mainly in two different modes: on the one hand, they have the capability to destroy host membranes and on the other hand they are able to manipulate host signaling pathways. Reaction products of bacterial phospholipases may act as secondary messengers within the host and therefore influence inflammatory cascades and cellular processes, such as proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal changes as well as membrane traffic. The lung pathogen and intracellularly replicating bacteriumLegionella pneumophilaexpresses a variety of phospholipases potentially involved in disease-promoting processes. So far, genes encoding 15 phospholipases A, three phospholipases C, and one phospholipase D have been identified. These cell-associated or secreted phospholipases may contribute to intracellular establishment, to egress of the pathogen from the host cell, and to the observed lung pathology. Due to the importance of phospholipase activities for host cell processes, it is conceivable that the pathogen enzymes may mimic or substitute host cell phospholipases to drive processes for the pathogen’s benefit. The following chapter summarizes the current knowledge on theL. pneumophilaphospholipases, especially their substrate specificity, localization, mode of secretion, and impact on host cells.