99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Symbionts and immunopathology in chronic diseases: insights from evolution
99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Symbionts and immunopathology in chronic diseases: insights from evolution
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04127.x
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ewald, P. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ewald, P. W.
疾病的免疫学病因通常还不清楚，但已被归因于内在的免疫失衡，感染触发或持续感染。进化的考虑导致制定三个可行的类别的免疫病理学常见疾病。一类假设假定免疫系统暴露于个体不能很好适应的环境条件。这一类中的一个假说，通常被称为卫生假说，提出新的更卫生的环境条件产生了与人类已经适应的共生体不同的共生体组成。第二类假说提出，感染因子通过将免疫系统转变为自我破坏状态来触发免疫病理学。第三类认为，传染性病原体通过引起持续感染使免疫系统处于自我破坏状态。为了严格评估疾病的因果关系，并确定适当的干预措施，这三类因果关系需要考虑每一种疾病，涉及免疫病理学。对了解肿瘤发生和其他慢性疾病的进展进行评估，强调了这种综合评估的价值。
P>Immunological aetiologies of disease are not generally well understood, but have been attributed to intrinsic immunological imbalances, infectious triggers or persistent infections. Evolutionary considerations lead to the formulation of three feasible categories of immunopathology for common diseases. One category of hypotheses presumes that the immune system is exposed to environmental conditions to which the individual is not well adapted. One hypothesis within this category, often referred to as the hygiene hypothesis, proposes that new more hygienic environmental conditions have generated compositions of symbionts that differ from those to which humans have been adapted. A second category of hypotheses proposes that infectious agents act as triggers of immunopathology by shifting the immune system into a self-destructive state. A third category proposes that infectious agents keep the immune in a self-destructive state by causing persistent infections. To evaluate disease causation rigorously and to determine the appropriate interventions, these three categories of causation need to considered for every disease that involves immunopathology. Assessment of the progress in understanding oncogenesis and other chronic diseases emphasizes the value of such integrated assessments.