OTHER NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF HERPES-ZOSTER AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
OTHER NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF HERPES-ZOSTER AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
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DOI：
10.1002/ana.410350717
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
ELLIOTT, KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ELLIOTT, KJ
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection In 1954, Weller first confirmed von Bokay’s observation that children developed varicella following exposure to patients with herpes zoster, with tissue culture and antibody studies showing that the two diseases were caused by the same virus [l, 21. Varicella, or chickenpox, results from initial exposure to varicellazoster virus (VZV), and herpes zoster results from prior infection with VZV and is characterized by a cutaneous dermatomal exanthematous rash. Both diseases may result in an array of neurological complications.Neurological Complications of Varicella Each year, the 2.8 million patients with varicella in the United States {3} produce enormous costs from parental work loss and utilization of medical resources from the more than 1 million physician visits {41. Approximately 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 4,000 patients with varicella also develop overt neurological complications {5-71. The neurological complications of varicella include encephalitis, most often presenting as the syndrome of acute cerebellar ataxia, aseptic meningitis, polyneuritis, multiple cranial neuropathies, and Reye’s syndrome 15-11](see Table 1). Encephalitis is the most common neurological complication of varicella. Varicella encephalitis most often presents with the development of acute cerebellar ataxia in a young child. Approximately 1 in 4,000 patients with varicella under the age of 15 develop acute cerebellar ataxia [71. Children develop progressive difficulty walking, followed by extensive truncal ataxia days to a week following the appearance of the varicella rash. The spinal fluid examination often shows a lymphocyuc pleocytosis. Affected children show an array of behavioral changes including irritability, headache, nausea, and vomiting [G}. Patients who develop seizures and coma have a high mortality rate [b]. Over-all, varicella encephalitis has a mortahty rate of 55%[12]. Varicella encephalitis can also result in significant neurological morbidity. Miller and colleagues reviewed
