Fear acquisition requires awareness in trace but not delay conditioning
Fear acquisition requires awareness in trace but not delay conditioning
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00469.x
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hamm, Alfons O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weike, Almut I.;Schupp, Harald T.;Hamm, Alfons O.
本研究探讨了差异延迟条件反射与追踪条件反射的恐惧习得与后天习得的权变意识的潜在作用。测定惊厥瞬目反应和皮肤电导反应(SCR)，其中两幅中性图片(CS+)中的一幅(CS+，n=32)与延迟组(Delay Group，n=32)共同终止，或在CS偏移后再加上厌恶的无条件刺激(USCs，n=32)。正如预期的那样，延迟条件反射中条件性惊吓增强的获得与应变意识无关。相比之下，只有那些意识到CS-UCS偶发事件的参与者才能在跟踪条件反射中观察到恐惧增强的惊吓。SCR条件反射一般只对有意识的参与者获得。本研究结果表明，延迟恐惧条件反射存在更多的内隐学习过程，而偶然性意识的外显获得可能是痕迹恐惧条件反射的先决条件。
The present study explored fear acquisition in differential delay versus trace conditioning in regard to the potential role of the acquired contingency awareness. One of two neutral pictures (CS+) either coterminated with (delay group-, n = 32) or was followed by the aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS) after CS offset (trace group; n = 32), while startle blink and skin conductance responses (SCR) were measured. As expected, the acquisition of conditioned startle potentiation in delay conditioning was independent of contingency awareness. In contrast, fear-potentiated startle in trace conditioning was only observed for those participants who were aware of the CS-UCS contingencies. SCR conditioning was generally only obtained for aware participants. The present results suggest a more implicit learning process in delay fear conditioning, whereas the explicit acquisition of contingency awareness might be a prerequisite for trace fear conditioning.