High‐Resolution Water Footprints of Production of the United States
High‐Resolution Water Footprints of Production of the United States
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DOI：
10.1002/2017wr021923
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Landon T. Marston;Yufei Ao;M. Konar;M. Mekonnen;A. Hoekstra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Landon T. Marston;Yufei Ao;M. Konar;M. Mekonnen;A. Hoekstra
美国是世界上最大的商品和服务生产国。降雨、地表水供应和地下蓄水层是经济生产的基本投入。尽管水资源对经济活动很重要，但我们没有关于具体地点和经济部门用水的一致信息。一个按部门划分的全国性、空间上详细的用水数据库将为美国经济生产对水资源的利用和依赖提供深入了解。为此，我们计算了美国500多个食品、能源、采矿、服务和制造业以及产品的水足迹。为此，我们采用了一种数据密集型方法，将水足迹和投入产出技术整合到一个新的方法框架中。这种方法使我们能够提供迄今为止任何国家最详细和最全面的水足迹分析。这项研究广泛有助于我们了解美国经济中的水资源，使供应链管理人员能够评估直接和间接的水依赖性，并通过基准测试提供减少用水的机会。事实上，我们发现，94%的美国行业可以通过从供应链中更节水的供应商那里采购，而不是通过将自己的业务转变为更节水的方式来减少总水足迹。
The United States is the largest producer of goods and services in the world. Rainfall, surface water supplies, and groundwater aquifers represent a fundamental input to economic production. Despite the importance of water resources to economic activity, we do not have consistent information on water use for specific locations and economic sectors. A national, spatially detailed database of water use by sector would provide insight into U.S. utilization and dependence on water resources for economic production. To this end, we calculate the water footprint of over 500 food, energy, mining, services, and manufacturing industries and goods produced in the United States. To do this, we employ a data intensive approach that integrates water footprint and input‐output techniques into a novel methodological framework. This approach enables us to present the most detailed and comprehensive water footprint analysis of any country to date. This study broadly contributes to our understanding of water in the U.S. economy, enables supply chain managers to assess direct and indirect water dependencies, and provides opportunities to reduce water use through benchmarking. In fact, we find that 94% of U.S. industries could reduce their total water footprint more by sourcing from more water‐efficient suppliers in their supply chain than they could by converting their own operations to be more water‐efficient.