Minimising energy in construction: Practitioners' views on material efficiency
Minimising energy in construction: Practitioners' views on material efficiency
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.09.015
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Emmitt, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Orr, John;Drewniok, Michal P.;Emmitt, Stephen
建筑环境占全球能源相关二氧化碳排放量的39%，建筑业占全球GDP的13%。最近在减少运行能耗方面取得的成功以及近零能耗建筑的严格目标的引入意味着，隐含能量正在成为建筑物整个寿命能耗的主要组成部分。实现减排的一个关键策略可能是尽可能有效地使用材料。然而，研究表明，真实的建筑物使用结构材料的效率低下，通常浪费约50%。有两种可能的机制：1）一些工程师持有个人的误解，或者2）低效率是一种文化现象，工程师自动地、毫无疑问地重复以前的方法，而不评估它们的真正适用性。本文介绍了一项调查的129个工程从业者，研究文化和实践中的设计有关的材料效率。结果显示，在管制和文化行为的广泛差异和不确定性。这是第一次，我们证明，体现能源效率不是一个高优先级，习惯性的过度设计导致更昂贵的建筑物，消耗更多的材料资源比必要的。我们展示了工程师应该同意的措施的广泛差异，并提出研究，通过这些研究，这些文化和个人问题可能会在气候科学所需的时间框架内得到有效解决。
The built environment accounts for 39% of global energy related CO2 emissions, and construction generates 13% of global GDP. Recent success in reducing operational energy and the introduction of strict targets for near-zero energy buildings mean that embodied energy is becoming the dominant component of whole life energy consumption in buildings. One strategy that may be key to achieving emissions reductions is to use materials as efficiently as possible. Yet research has shown that real buildings use structural material inefficiently, with wastage in the order of 50% being common. Two plausible mechanisms are 1) that some engineers hold individual misconceptions, or 2) that inefficiency is a cultural phenomenon, whereby engineers automatically and unquestioningly repeat previous methods without assessing their true suitability. This paper presents a survey of 129 engineering practitioners that examined both culture and practice in design relating to material efficiency. The results reveal wide variations and uncertainty in both regulated and cultural behaviours. For the first time, we demonstrate that embodied energy efficiency is not a high priority, with habitual over-design resulting in more expensive buildings that consume more of our material resource than necessary. We show wide variability in measures that engineers should agree on and propose research through which these culture and individual issues might fruitfully be tackled within the timeframes required by climate science.