Back to basics: getting smoke-free workplaces back on track.
Back to basics: getting smoke-free workplaces back on track.
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回到基础：让无烟工作场所重回正轨。
DOI：
10.1136/tc.6.3.164
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Glantz,SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Glantz,SA
1971年，美国卫生部长杰西·斯坦菲尔德（Jessie steinfeld）呼吁制定“不吸烟者权利法案”。20世纪80年代中期，卫生部长С埃弗雷特·库普（Everett Koop）呼吁到2000年建立一个无烟社会，从而改变了公众对烟草使用的争论。他是第一个明确表达吸烟不必成为美国生活一部分的重要政府官员。烟草行业疯狂地猛烈攻击库普，因为他的信息触及了烟草问题的核心：在公共场合吸烟已不再为社会所接受。库普呼吁建立一个无烟社会，再加上越来越多的证据表明二手烟是危险的，加速了工作场所和公共场所无烟的趋势。1986年发布的第一份专门研究烟草烟雾对非吸烟者影响的卫生部长报告《非自愿吸烟的健康后果》（以及国家科学院的补充报告）与加速通过地方室内清洁空气条例有关（图）。1993年，美国环境保护署发布了二手烟对肺癌和肺部疾病影响的风险评估报告，导致了另一批地方室内空气清洁条例的出台。从那时起，由于州法律先于地方烟草控制条例，以及将重点从非吸烟者的权利转移到限制青少年获得烟草的工作，清洁室内空气条例的进展步伐放缓。在本期《烟草控制》中，Gerlach等人指出，尽管在保护工人免受二手烟草烟雾毒素侵害方面取得了相当大的进展，但仍有许多工作要做。尽管大多数员工（81.6%）报告说他们的雇主有一些关于工作场所吸烟的政策，但只有46%的人报告说工作场所完全无烟。此外，他们还发现，男性更有可能在工作中接触到二手烟，穷人和年轻员工也是如此。餐饮服务行业的无烟政策覆盖率在不同行业中最低（21.1%）；西格尔报告说，这些工作场所的非吸烟者患肺癌的比例最高。Gerlach等人以
In 1971 US Surgeon General Jessie Steinfeld1 called for a" Nonsmokers' Bill of Rights", and in the mid-1980s Surgeon General С Everett Koop transformed the public debate over tobacco use by calling for a smoke-free society by the year 2000. He was the first major public official to clearly articulate the message that smoking need not be a part of American life. The tobacco industry went wild and aggressively attacked Koop, because his message went to the core of the tobacco issue: tobacco use in public was no longer socially acceptable. Koop's call for a smoke-free society, combined with the mushrooming evidence that secondhand smoke is dangerous, accelerated the trend towards smoke-free workplaces and public places. The first Surgeon General's report devoted entirely to the effects of tobacco smoke on non-smokers, The health consequences of involuntary smoking, 2 issued in 1986 (as well as a complementary report by the National Academy of Sciences3), was associated with an acceleration in the passage of local clean indoor air ordinances (figure). The release of the US Environmental Protection Agency4 risk assessment of the effects of secondhand smoke on lung cancer and lung disease in 1993 led to another group of local clean indoor air ordinances. Since then, the pace of progress on clean indoor air ordinances has slowed, through a combination of state laws preempting local tobacco control ordinances'5 and a shift in focus away from non-smokers' rights to working to limit youth access to tobacco. In this issue of Tobacco Control, Gerlach et at show that, although there has been considerable progress in providing protection of workers from the toxins in secondhand tobacco smoke, there is much work left to be done. Although most workers (81.6%) reported that their employers had some sort of policy addressing smoking in the workplace, only 46% reported completely smoke-free workplaces. Moreover, they found that men were more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoke at work, as were poor people and younger workers. Food service occupations had the lowest rate of coverage by smoke-free policies among different occupations (21.1%); Siegel7 has reported that these workplaces have the highest rate of lung cancer among non-smokers. Gerlach et al end by