Major public health benefits of physical activity
Major public health benefits of physical activity
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DOI：
10.1002/art.10907
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发表时间：
2003-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sniezek, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Macera, CA;Hootman, JM;Sniezek, JE
体力活动是健康生活的重要组成部分(1，2)。1996年《卫生局局长关于体育活动与健康的报告》(1)强调了体育活动在预防一些慢性病方面的重要性。在与体力活动相关的众多健康益处中，包括减少因冠心病(CHD)、糖尿病、高血压和结肠癌导致的残疾和死亡率，以及改善关节肿胀和关节炎相关疼痛的控制。不幸的是，许多成年人没有达到最佳的体力活动水平，并面临健康状况不佳的风险(3)。尤其是老年人比年轻人更不可能经常运动，这是不幸的，因为久坐的老年人比活跃的同龄人报告更多的身体限制(4，5)。生活质量与功能状态和保持独立的能力直接相关，体育活动似乎通过增进健康状况不佳者的心理健康和改善身体功能来改善与健康有关的生活质量(1)。普通人群久坐不动的生活方式可能导致巨大的直接医疗费用、个人残疾和社会负担(6-8)。根据全国医疗支出调查(6)，15岁及以上的非残障人士因缺乏身体活动而产生的直接医疗费用估计为每年330美元(1987美元)。对关节炎患者的这些数据分析显示，与缺乏体力活动有关的总成本估计为每年504美元(1987美元)(7)。在本文中，我们发现了与体力活动测量相关的问题，以及建立体力活动与健康之间的真正关系的困难。此外，我们总结了与缺乏运动或久坐行为相关的不良健康结果的科学证据，强调了死亡和残疾的主要原因(冠心病、糖尿病和关节炎)。我们还为具有这些选定条件的个人提供了一般性的体力活动建议，并为未来的研究提供了建议。
Physical activity is an essential component of a healthy life (1, 2). The importance of physical activity in preventing a number of chronic diseases is highlighted in the 1996 Surgeon General’s report on physical activity and health (1). Among the numerous health benefits associated with physical activity are reduced disability and mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, hypertension, and colon cancer and improved control of the joint swelling and pain associated with arthritis. Unfortunately, many adults do not reach optimal levels of physical activity and are at risk for poor health outcomes (3). Older adults in particular are less likely than younger adults to be regularly active, which is unfortunate because older adults who lead sedentary lives report more physical limitations than their active peers (4, 5). Quality of life is directly related to functional status and the ability to maintain independence, and it appears that physical activity improves health-related quality of life by enhancing psychological well being and improving physical functioning in persons with poor health (1). Sedentary lifestyles among the general population can result in enormous direct medical costs, individual disability, and societal burden (6–8). According to the National Medical Expenditure Survey (6), the direct medical costs associated with physical inactivity among nondisabled individuals aged 15 years and older were estimated to be $330 per year (1987 dollars). Analysis of these data among persons with arthritis revealed an estimated overall cost associated with physical inactivity of $504 per year (1987 dollars)(7).In this article we identify problems associated with the measurement of physical activity and difficulties with establishing the true relationship between physical activity and health. In addition, we summarize the scientific evidence characterizing the poor health outcomes associated with physical inactivity or sedentary behaviors, emphasizing the leading causes of mortality and disability (CHD, diabetes, and arthritis). We also provide general physical activity recommendations for individuals with these selected conditions and suggestions for future research.