Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: The Situation in France and in Other European Countries
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: The Situation in France and in Other European Countries
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DOI：
10.1163/15718093-12420347
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Boyer-Beviere, Benedicte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duguet, Anne-Marie;Boyer-Beviere, Benedicte
植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）专门涉及体外受精技术（IVF），旨在防止将严重的遗传异常传给孩子。通过IVF产生的胚胎的遗传特征被分析，只有没有遗传异常的胚胎才被植入子宫。自1990年以来在世界范围内进行，由于各国立法的差异很大，这种技术引起了许多法律的和伦理的争论。教科文组织国际生物伦理委员会的报告（2003年）说明了这一点，该报告描述了植入前遗传学诊断的技术和问题。在这篇文章中，作者介绍了产前诊断和植入前遗传学诊断之间的差异，法国的立法，然后在欧洲的立法范围，最后是欧洲人权法院的立场，制裁意大利和拉脱维亚拒绝获得PGD。
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) relates exclusively to in vitro fertilisation techniques (IVF) that aim to prevent transmission of a serious genetic abnormality to the child. The genetic characteristics of the embryo created through IVF are analysed, and only the embryos free of the genetic abnormality are implanted in the womb. Performed worldwide since 1990, this technique has raised many legal and ethical debates due to the very wide variations of lawgiving between countries. This is shown by the report of the UNESCO IBC (2003), which described the techniques and the issues raised by preimplantation genetic diagnosis. In this article, the authors present the differences between prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the French legislation, then the range of legislation in Europe and finally the position of the European Court of Human Rights which sanctioned Italy and Latvia for refusing access to PGD.