Soil Quality for Sustainable Land Management: Organic Matter and Aggregation Interactions that Maintain Soil Functions
Soil Quality for Sustainable Land Management: Organic Matter and Aggregation Interactions that Maintain Soil Functions
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj2002.3800
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
M. R. Carter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. R. Carter
是土壤质量的基本前提（Larson and Pierce, 1991,1994）。如果土壤不适合某一特定的土壤质量概念通常用于评价可持续利用，那么就不适合尝试在农业生态系统中分配或管理土地。本综述的目的是追踪加拿大土壤有机质（SOM）的重要性，描述其特定用途或功能的质量。然而，在许多可持续土地管理研究和说明SOM案例的作用中，不可能在维持土壤功能方面做出完美的匹配和集合。加拿大对土壤及其预期用途之间土壤的研究。这些cirquality始于20世纪80年代初，表明SOM的损失情况下，质量必须纳入系统使用，土壤团聚体稳定性是不可持续的最佳管理方案的标准特征。土地使用。随后的研究使用生态系统概念（如功能、过程、以下逻辑顺序：土壤目的和功能、过程、属性和指标）来评估土壤质量，已被证明是有用的框架、指标和方法。这种土壤工作中描述土壤质量的限制性步骤(Larson和Pierce， 1991，质量框架是临界限制和标准化的问题，1994；Doran和Parkin, 1994； Doran等人，1996；Carter对土壤特性的描述。目前，SOM的临界极限被选择等，1997；Karlen et al., 1997)。然而，使用普遍接受的参考值或基于经验推导的SOM与特定土壤过程或功能之间的关系来精确定义土壤质量被证明是难以捉摸的。这是（例如，土壤肥力、生产力或可蚀性）。有机质断裂-可能与定义土壤的先天困难有关（例如，宏观有机质，轻组分，微生物生物量，本身）以及描述SOM质量的多面性（即，科学的，可矿化的C）。这些部分（个人的和社会的）环境问题。Carter和MacEwan（1996）认为，虽然土壤质量和是总SOM变化的敏感指标。总土壤有机质描述了土壤的客观状态或条件，它影响土壤的压实性、脆弱性和土壤持水能力——也是主观的，即部分以城市为基础进行评估，而总土壤有机质对个人和社会的功能决定具有重要影响。上述土壤框架在调节空气和水分入渗、保持养分、改善土壤质量等方面具有指导作用，并对土壤的渗透性和可蚀性产生影响。总体而言，有机关注于操作、工程和/或物质输入、沙粒级宏观有机质的动力学和土壤聚集过程是维持土壤资源管理的重要因素。因此，土壤质量是土壤中起调节作用的有机质。技术，一门应用科学，指向更好的土壤管理。本文的目的是回顾背景
is seen as a basic premise of soil quality (Larson and Pierce, 1991, 1994). If a soil is not suitable for a specific Soil quality concepts are commonly used to evaluate sustainable use, then it is not appropriate to attempt to assign or land management in agroecosystems. The objectives of this review were to trace the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in Canadian describe quality for that specific use or function. In many sustainable land management studies and illustrate the role of SOM cases, however, it is not possible to make a perfect match and aggregation in sustaining soil functions. Canadian studies on soil between the soil and its intended use. Under these cirquality were initiated in the early 1980s and showed that loss of SOM cumstances, quality must be built into the system using and soil aggregate stability were standard features of nonsustainable best management scenarios. land use. Subsequent studies have evaluated SOM quality using the Ecosystem concepts such as function, processes, attrifollowing logical sequence: soil purpose and function, processes, prop- butes, and indicators, have proved to be a useful frameerties and indicators, and methodology. Limiting steps in this soil work to describe soil quality (Larson and Pierce, 1991, quality framework are the questions of critical limits and standardiza1994; Doran and Parkin, 1994; Doran et al., 1996; Carter tion for soil properties. At present, critical limits for SOM are selected et al., 1997; Karlen et al., 1997). However, a precise using a commonly accepted reference value or based on empirically derived relations between SOM and a specific soil process or function definition of soil quality proves to be elusive. This is (e.g., soil fertility, productivity, or erodibility). Organic matter frac- probably related to the innate difficulty in defining soil tions (e.g., macro-organic matter, light fraction, microbial biomass, itself and to the multifaceted nature (i.e., scientific, perand mineralizable C) describe the quality of SOM. These fractions sonal, and social) of environmental concerns. Carter and have biological significance for several soil functions and processes MacEwan (1996) suggested that although soil quality and are sensitive indicators of changes in total SOM. Total SOM describes an objective state or condition of the soil, it influences soil compactibility, friability, and soil water-holding capac- also is subjective, i.e., evaluated partly on the basis of ity while aggregated SOM has major implications for the functioning personal and social determinations. The above frameof soil in regulating air and water infiltration, conserving nutrients, work of soil quality has utility when it is directed or and influencing soil permeability and erodibility. Overall, organic focused towards the manipulation, engineering, and/or matter inputs, the dynamics of the sand-sized macro-organic matter, and the soil aggregation process are important factors in maintaining management of the soil resource. Thus, soil quality is a and regulating organic matter functioning in soil. technology, an applied science, directed towards better soil management. The objective of this paper is to review the context