State Medical Marijuana Laws and the Prevalence of Opioids Detected Among Fatally Injured Drivers
State Medical Marijuana Laws and the Prevalence of Opioids Detected Among Fatally Injured Drivers
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2016.303426
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Li, Guohua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, June H.;Santaella-Tenorio, Julian;Li, Guohua
目标.为了评估医用大麻法律（MML）和阳性阿片类药物测试的可能性之间的关联，这是先前使用的一个指标。我们分析了来自18个州的1999 - 2013年死亡分析报告系统（法尔斯）数据，这些数据对至少80%在撞车后1小时内死亡的司机（n = 68394）进行了酒精和其他药物测试。州内和州间比较评估了在具有可操作MML的州撞车的司机中的阿片类药物阳性（即，补贴家庭种植或积极的药房）与司机崩溃的国家之前，未来的MML是可操作的。特定州的估计表明，在实施可操作的MML后，大多数州的阿片类药物阳性率下降，尽管这些估计值都不显著。当我们合并状态时，我们没有观察到显著的总体相关性（比值比[OR]= 0.79; 95%置信区间[CI]= 0.61，1.03）。然而，年龄分层分析表明，21至40岁的驾驶员阿片类药物阳性率显著降低（OR = 0.50; 95%CI = 0.37，0.67;相互作用P
Objectives. To assess the association between medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and the odds of a positive opioid test, an indicator for prior use.Methods. We analyzed 1999-2013 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data from 18 states that tested for alcohol and other drugs in at least 80% of drivers who died within 1 hour of crashing (n = 68 394). Within-state and between-state comparisons assessed opioid positivity among drivers crashing in states with an operational MML (i.e., allowances for home cultivation or active dispensaries) versus drivers crashing in states before a future MML was operational.Results. State-specific estimates indicated a reduction in opioid positivity for most states after implementation of an operational MML, although none of these estimates were significant. When we combined states, we observed no significant overall association (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61, 1.03). However, age-stratified analyses indicated a significant reduction in opioid positivity for drivers aged 21 to 40 years (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.67; interaction P