Variation in brain regions associated with fear and learning in contrasting climates.
Variation in brain regions associated with fear and learning in contrasting climates.
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不同气候下与恐惧和学习相关的大脑区域的变化。
DOI：
10.1159/000335421
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pravosudov,VladimirV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roth2nd,TimothyC;Gallagher,CaitlinM;LaDage,LaraD;Pravosudov,VladimirV
在资源难以获得的环境中，增强的认知能力可能是适应性的，与认知特征相关的大脑结构也可能得到增强。在我们以前的研究中，我们记录了一个明确的和显着的环境条件，记忆和海马结构之间的关系，使用10个种群的黑顶山雀（Poecile atricapillus）在一个大的地理范围。此外，只关注我们的大规模比较，阿拉斯加和堪萨斯的地理极端的两个人口，我们发现增强的解决问题的能力和减少新恐惧症的圈养提出的人口的黑顶山雀起源于积极要求的环境（阿拉斯加）相对于同种从温和的环境（堪萨斯）。在这里，我们专注于三个大脑区域，arcopallium（AP），杏仁核和外侧纹状体（LSt），在一定程度上涉及这些行为的各个方面，以调查这些大脑区域的潜在差异是否可能与我们以前检测到的认知差异有关。我们比较了这些种群之间这些区域的神经元数量和体积的变化，包括野生捕获的鸟类和人工饲养的个体。与我们的行为观察结果一致，野生捕获的鸟类从堪萨斯有一个更大的AP体积比野生捕获的同种从阿拉斯加州，拥有更高的密度的神经元在LST。然而，在野生捕获和圈养饲养组中，种群之间没有其他显著差异。有趣的是，野生个体比圈养个体具有更大的LSt和AP体积以及更多的神经元。总的来说，我们提供了一些证据表明，在解决问题和新恐惧症的人口相关的差异可能与我们的目标大脑区域的体积和神经元数量的差异。然而，这种关系并不完全清楚，我们的研究提出了许多关于大脑和行为之间关系的问题，特别是在圈养动物中。
In environments where resources are difficult to obtain and enhanced cognitive capabilities might be adaptive, brain structures associated with cognitive traits may also be enhanced. In our previous studies, we documented a clear and significant relationship among environmental conditions, memory and hippocampal structure using ten populations of black-capped chickadees(Poecile atricapillus)over a large geographic range. In addition, focusing on just the two populations from the geographical extremes of our large-scale comparison, Alaska and Kansas, we found enhanced problem-solving capabilities and reduced neophobia in a captive-raised population of black-capped chickadees originating from the energetically demanding environment (Alaska) relative to conspecifics from the milder environment (Kansas). Here, we focused on three brain regions, the arcopallium (AP), the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala and the lateral striatum (LSt), that have been implicated to some extent in aspects of these behaviors in order to investigate whether potential differences in these brain areas may be associated with our previously detected differences in cognition. We compared the variation in neuron number and volumes of these regions between these populations, in both wild-caught birds and captive-raised individuals. Consistent with our behavioral observations, wild-caught birds from Kansas had a larger AP volume than their wild-caught conspecifics from Alaska, which possessed a higher density of neurons in the LSt. However, there were no other significant differences between populations in the wild-caught and captive-raised groups. Interestingly, individuals from the wild had larger LSt and AP volumes with more neurons than those raised in captivity. Overall, we provide some evidence that population-related differences in problem solving and neophobia may be associated with differences in volume and neuron numbers of our target brain regions. However, the relationship is not completely clear, and our study raises numerous questions about the relationship between the brain and behavior, especially in captive animals.