Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water
Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water
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DOI：
10.1021/ie50320a024
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发表时间：
1936-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wenzel, RN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wenzel, RN
®对于轻质机织或针织织物的防水性，通常1必须保持材料的透气性。因此，可以实现的防水性明确地受到开口尺寸的限制，因为如果水后面的压力足以打破穿过开口的表面膜，则水将容易地通过。然而，如果水能从织物的一面到另一面在纱线表面上扩散，那么在低得多的压力下，甚至在压力下，水也能渗透。因此，开松织物的防水就存在着防止水在纱线表面上扩散的问题。通过在织物上沉积某种本身具有这种抗润湿能力的化学物质来达到所需的效果。出于实际原因，旨在用于使开放织物防水的制剂通常由乳液组成。在这些制剂中，活性防水剂与其它成分结合，这些成分的存在是确保乳液中所需的流动性和稳定性、提供适当的pH控制、增加防水效果的持久性以及改变赋予成品织物的外观和手感所必需的。这些辅助成分可能会削弱或增强防水处理的效果。因此，提出的问题的复杂性，使它需要仔细研究的润湿特性的材料选择用于此用途。
® THE waterproofing of light-weight I woven or knitted fabrics, it is generally1 essential to preserve the airporosity of the material. The waterproofness that can be effected is therefore definitely limited by the size ofthe openings, because water will readily pass through if the pressure behind it is sufficient to break the surface film across the openings. Water will penetrate, however, at a much lower pressure or even against pressure, if it can spread over the surface of the threads from one face of the cloth to the other. The waterproofing ofopen fabrics, therefore, presents the problem of preventing this spreading of water over the thread surfaces. The desired effect is attained by depositing on the fabric some chemical substance that has of itself this ability to resist wetting. For practical reasons, preparations intended for use in waterproofing open fabrics commonly consist of emulsions. In these preparations the active water-repellent agent is combined with other ingredients whose presence is required to ensure the desired fluidity and stability inthe emulsion, to provide proper pH control, to increase the permanence of the proofing effect, and to modify theappearance and feel imparted to the finished fabric. These auxiliary'constituents may impair, or they mayenhance, the effectiveness of the proofing treatments. The complexity of the problem thus presented makes it desirable to study carefully the wetting characteristics of materials selected for this use.