Socioeconomic status, social support, age, and health
Socioeconomic status, social support, age, and health
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08150.x
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Janevic, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Antonucci, TC;Ajrouch, KJ;Janevic, M
1992 年，作为社会关系调查的一部分，923 名 40 岁及以上的白人和黑人受访者接受了采访。 1 样本是从底特律大都市区的分层概率样本中抽取的。社会关系变量包括社交网络中的人数、感知的工具性支持（如果受访者生病，配偶和孩子是否会提供照顾）、情感支持（受访者是否向配偶和孩子倾诉）和消极支持（配偶和孩子是否让受访者感到不安）。受访者按照五分制对所有社会支持变量进行评分（1，非常同意；5，非常不同意）。教育水平被用作社会经济地位指标。受教育年限分为三组：高中以下、高中和高中以上。健康状况通过全球自评健康问题来衡量（5，差；1，优秀）。继 Baron 和 Kenny 2 之后，我们通过对 (1) 独立 SES 变量（教育水平）、(2) 假设为调节变量的社会关系变量以及 (3) (1) 和 (2) 的相互作用进行健康回归，评估了社会关系变量对 SES 与健康之间关系的调节影响。一个重要的交互项意味着社会关系变量正在调节社会经济地位对健康的影响。对两个年龄组分别进行了分析：40-59 岁和 60-93 岁。研究结果表明，SES 和社交网络规模对健康没有交互作用。然而，对于工具、情感和消极支持来说，互动效应是显而易见的。表 1 总结了这些内容。显着交互作用的图表表明 SES、社会关系变量和健康之间存在复杂的关联。例如，图 1 显示，年龄在 40-59 岁之间、受过高中以上教育并且对配偶倾诉的受访者比那些不信任配偶的受访者更健康。在高中以下学历的受访者中，这种关系正好相反。然而，在 60-93 岁年龄组中，所有向配偶倾诉的受访者的健康状况大致相同。在这个年龄段的不向配偶倾诉的人中，教育水平对健康有负面影响：高中以下学历的人健康状况较差；受过高中以上教育的人健康状况较好。出现的一致模式是，中等教育群体（高中）的受访者在这两种情况中的可能性最小
In 1992, 923 white and black respondents aged 40 and over were interviewed as part of the Survey of Social Relations. 1 The sample was drawn from a stratified probability sample in the Detroit metropolitan area. Social relations variables included the number of people in social network, perceived instrumental support (whether spouse and child would provide care if respondent was ill), emotional support (whether respondent confides in spouse and child), and negative support (whether spouse and child get on the respondent’s nerves). Respondents rated all social support variables on a five-point scale (1, strongly agree; 5, strongly disagree). Education level was used as an SES indicator. Years of education were split into three groups: less than high school, high school, and more than high school. Health was measured by a global self-rated health question (5, poor; 1, excellent). Following Baron and Kenny, 2 we assessed the moderating impact of the social relations variables on the relationship between SES and health by regressing health on (1) the independent SES variable (education level),(2) the social relations variable that is hypothesized to be the moderator, and (3) the interaction of (1) and (2). A significant interaction term implies that the social relations variable is moderating the impact of SES on health. Analyses were conducted separately for each of two age groups: 40–59 and 60–93.Findings indicate that there is no interaction effect of SES and social network size on health. However, interaction effects are evident for instrumental, emotional, and negative support. These are summarized in TABLE 1. Graphs of the significant interactions suggest complex associations among SES, social relations variables, and health. For example, FIGURE 1 demonstrates that respondents aged 40–59 with more than a high school education and who confide in their spouse are healthier than those who do not. This relationship was reversed among respondents with less than a high school education. However, in the 60–93 age group, health is about the same for all respondents who confide in their spouse. Among those in this age group who do not confide in their spouse, education level has a negative effect on health: people with less than a high school education report poorer health; those with more than a high school education report better health. A consistent pattern that emerged was that respondents in the middle education group (high school) were the least likely in both