Development of Pneumatic Aerodynamic Devices to Improve the Performance, Economics, and Safety of Heavy Vehicles
Development of Pneumatic Aerodynamic Devices to Improve the Performance, Economics, and Safety of Heavy Vehicles
复制标题
开发气动空气动力装置以提高重型车辆的性能、经济性和安全性
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Englar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Englar
根据美国能源部重型车辆技术办公室的合同，佐治亚理工学院研究所（GTRI）正在开发和评估气动（吹）气动装置，以提高重型车辆的性能、经济性、稳定性和安全性。该项目的目标是将GTRI人员先前开发和飞行测试的气动气动飞机技术应用于高效吹制牵引车-拖车配置的设计。GTRI最近的实验结果表明，在流线型汽车风洞模型上，吹气可以减少35%的阻力。同时测试了升力或下载荷增加100-150%，以及在没有任何移动控制面的情况下控制所有3个轴的气动力矩的能力。在目前的美国卡车车队运营中，通过吹气后体拖车可以减少类似的阻力，预计每年可减少超过12亿加仑的燃油消耗，而采用气动举升可以进一步减少轮胎滚动阻力。相反，由于轮胎的“重量”增加，在潮湿/冰冷的天气中，由于吹气产生的阻力和下倾力的增加，可以大大提高制动特性和控制性能。通过控制这些重型车辆因风、阵风和其他车辆经过而产生的侧载荷和力矩，安全性也得到了提高。这也可能有助于消除千斤顶问题，如果造成极端风侧负载的拖车。最后，减少拖车后面的湍流尾流可以减少飞溅和喷雾模式以及跟随车辆经历的粗糙空气。GTRI将在论文中介绍在这项工作的早期阶段所取得的成果，包括初步的系统研究、吹气流场的CFD预测，以及传统拖拉机-拖车模型和气动风洞模型的基线设计。
Under contract to the DOE Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies, the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is developing and evaluating pneumatic (blown) aerodynamic devices to improve the performance, economics, stability and safety of operation of Heavy Vehicles. The objective of this program is to apply the pneumatic aerodynamic aircraft technology previously developed and flight-tested by GTRI personnel to the design of an efficient blown tractor-trailer configuration. Recent experimental results obtained by GTRI using blowing have shown drag reductions of 35% on a streamlined automobile wind-tunnel model. Also measured were lift or down-load increases of 100-150% and the ability to control aerodynamic moments about all 3 axes without any moving control surfaces. Similar drag reductions yielded by blowing on bluff afterbody trailers in current US trucking fleet operations are anticipated to reduce yearly fuel consumption by more than 1.2 billion gallons, while even further reduction is possible using pneumatic lift to reduce tire rolling resistance. Conversely, increased drag and down force generated instantaneously by blowing can greatly increase braking characteristics and control in wet/icy weather due to effective 'weight' increases on the tires. Safety is also enhanced by controlling side loads and moments caused on these Heavy Vehicles by winds, gusts and other vehicles passing. This may also help to eliminate the jack-knifing problem if caused by extreme wind side loads on the trailer. Lastly, reduction of the turbulent wake behind the trailer can reduce splash and spray patterns and rough air being experienced by following vehicles. To be presented by GTRI in this paper will be results developed during the early portion of this effort, including a preliminary systems study, CFD prediction of the blown flowfields, and design of the baseline conventional tractor-trailer model and the pneumatic wind-tunnel model.