Development of mechanics and pulmonary reflexes
Development of mechanics and pulmonary reflexes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2005.05.028
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发表时间：
2005-11-15
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
MacFarlane, PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frappell, PB;MacFarlane, PM
呼吸系统的机械特性在将神经输出转化为通气方面至关重要。新生儿的高度顺应性胸壁导致吸气期间的胸部变形和体积损失，并且由于胸部也无法抵抗肺的向内反冲，因此在呼气末肺体积（功能性残余容量）减少并且有肺泡塌陷的趋势。肺和气道的迷走神经支配负责引发导致呼吸力学的动态修改和通气改善的各种反射。从第一次呼吸开始，新生儿增加增强呼吸的频率，以改善肺顺应性，并使呼气时间恒定，以增加呼气末肺中剩余的空气量，并有助于防止肺萎陷。本文综述了哺乳动物新生儿在出生时和早期发育过程中的呼吸力学与迷走神经反射，负责呼吸力学的动态修改，以确保有效的气体交换发生从出生。(c)2005 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
The mechanical properties of the respiratory system are paramount in converting neural output into ventilation. The highly compliant chest wall of the newborn results in chest distortion and volume loss during inspiration and, as the chest is also unable to resist the inward recoil of the lung, there is a reduction in lung volume at end expiration (functional residual capacity) and a tendency for alveoli to collapse. Vagal innervation of the lungs and airways is responsible for eliciting various reflexes that result in the dynamic modification of respiratory mechanics and an improvement in ventilation. From the first breath, the newborn increases the frequency of augmented breaths to improve lung compliance and prolongs the expiratory time constant in order to increase the amount of air remaining in the lung at end expiration and help prevent lung collapse. This review examines the respiratory mechanics of the mammalian neonate at birth and during early development together with the vagal reflexes that are responsible for the dynamic modification of respiratory mechanics in order to ensure that effective gas exchange occurs from birth. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.