Characteristics of quantifiers moderate the framing effect
Characteristics of quantifiers moderate the framing effect
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DOI：
10.1002/bdm.2251
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发表时间：
2021-05-12
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sirota, Miroslav
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holford, Dawn L.;Juanchich, Marie;Sirota, Miroslav
属性框架效应是一种稳健的现象，即人们对正面描述的属性（例如，“75% 瘦”）比其负面的（尽管规范上等效的描述）（例如，“25% 脂肪”）更积极地判断物品的数量，这是一种稳健的现象，在某些条件下可能会得到缓和。在本文中，我们研究了量词特征的调节作用：其格式（口头的，例如“高”或数字的，例如“75％”）和大小（即，数量是小还是大），使用属性的正向或负向同义词（例如，能量与卡路里）。超过五项预先注册的研究使用 2（同义词，受试者之间：正或负）x 2（量词格式，受试者之间：言语或数字）x 2（量词大小，受试者内：小或大）混合设计，我们对具有不同价的同义词正交地操纵量词格式和大小。我们还测试了框架效应的两种机制：该效应是否是由与框架相关的情感介导的，以及参与者是否推断说话者对目标持积极态度。我们发现同义词的框架效应对于小量词（与大量词）方向相反，但量词格式并未显着调节。与框架相关的影响和推断的说话者积极性水平都部分调节了框架效应，并且调节水平随量词大小而变化。这些结果表明，量词的大小会改变人们对框架的评价，并且人们在框架情况下的评价机制对于小量词和大量词可能有所不同。
The attribute framing effect, where people judge a quantity of an item more positively with a positively described attribute (e.g., "75% lean") than its negative, albeit normatively equivalent description (e.g., "25% fat"), is a robust phenomenon, which may be moderated under certain conditions. In this paper, we investigated the moderating effect of the characteristics of the quantifier term: its format (verbal, e.g., "high," or numerical, e.g., "75%") and magnitude (i.e., if it is a small or large quantity) using positive or negative synonyms of attributes (e.g., energy vs. calories). Over five pre-registered studies using a 2 (synonym, between-subjects: positive or negative) x 2 (quantifier format, between-subjects: verbal or numerical) x 2 (quantifier magnitude, within-subjects: small or large) mixed design, we manipulated quantifier format and magnitude orthogonally for synonyms with differing valence. We also tested two mechanisms for the framing effect: whether the effect was mediated by the affect associated with the frame and whether participants inferred the speaker to be positive about the target. We found a framing effect with synonyms that was reversed in direction for the small (vs. large) quantifiers, but not significantly moderated by quantifier format. Both the affect associated with the frame and the inferred level of speaker positivity partially mediated the framing effect, and the level of mediation varied with quantifier magnitude. These results suggest that the magnitude of the quantifier modifies one's evaluation of the frame, and the mechanism for people's evaluations in a framing situation may differ for small and large quantifiers.