Adapting to risk and perpetuating poverty: Household's strategies for managing flood risk and water scarcity in Mexico City
Adapting to risk and perpetuating poverty: Household's strategies for managing flood risk and water scarcity in Mexico City
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适应风险和永久贫困：墨西哥城家庭管理洪水风险和水资源短缺的策略
DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.006
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
L. Bojórquez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Eakin;A. Lerner;David Manuel;Bertha Aguilar;Alejandra Martínez;B. Tellman;Lakshmi Charli;Rafael Fernández Álvarez;L. Bojórquez
适应通常是以积极的方式独特构思的，然而，对于一些人群来说，在风险管理方面的投资可能需要进行重大权衡。在这里，我们讨论了墨西哥城经济边缘地区家庭应对和适应不利水条件的负担。我们认为，家庭在边缘条件下努力适应，可能会以牺牲家庭对人类福利的其他方面的投资为代价，从而强化贫困陷阱。经济理论和社会生态系统分析都表明，跨规模投资和体制支持在打破长期贫困陷阱方面具有重要意义。使用在墨西哥城进行的12个重点小组的数据，我们说明了由于缺乏信任和透明度、集体行动困难以及将风险管理的一些责任从公共部门下放到家庭一级，这种跨规模连接是如何失败的。在总结我们的分析时，我们主张在公共政策中更多地关注这些权衡，以帮助确保适应不会以牺牲最弱势群体更普遍的福利收益为代价。
Adaptation is typically conceived uniquely in positive terms, however for some populations, investments in risk management can entail significant tradeoffs. Here we discuss the burden for households of coping with, and adapting to, adverse water conditions in economically marginal areas of Mexico City. We argue that households’ efforts to adapt in conditions of marginality can come at the expense of households’ investment in other aspects of human welfare, reinforcing poverty traps. Both economic theory and social-ecological systems analysis point to the importance of cross-scalar investments and institutional support in breaking down persistent poverty traps. Using data from twelve focus groups conducted in Mexico City, we illustrate how such cross-scale connectivity is failing as a result of lack of trust and transparency, the difficulty of collective action, and the devolution of some responsibilities for risk management from the public sector to the household level. We conclude our analysis by arguing for greater attention to these tradeoffs in public policy to help ensure that adaptation does not come at the cost of more generic welfare gains among the most vulnerable populations.