Environmental and Management Factors Affecting the Time Budgets of Free-Ranging Iberian Pigs Reared in Spain
Environmental and Management Factors Affecting the Time Budgets of Free-Ranging Iberian Pigs Reared in Spain
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DOI：
10.3390/ani10050798
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Dalmau, Antoni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez-Macipe, Miriam;Mainau, Eva;Dalmau, Antoni
了解猪在自由放养条件下的自然行为有助于解释它们在集约化条件下的行为。本研究的目的是研究行为指标的活动在国内的猪，饲养自由范围内，并在两个喂养制度，与一些帮助下，从人类与集中和没有帮助，只是吃自然资源。结果证实，探索行为是猪的一种重要行为，但在不被人类喂食时，将50%的时间用于这种活动的动物在被喂食浓缩物时将这种活动减少到17.8%。此外，在广泛的条件下，动物之间的社会接触很少，消极的社会行为发生率高于积极的社会行为。结论是：（1）当猪由人类喂养时，在自然环境中探索周围环境的需要对于猪来说不太重要，以及（2）在温暖条件下，户外条件下的洗浴区域对于猪来说是重要的。总体而言，它的结论是，猪的自然行为在自由放养的条件下，如减少觅食行为时，猪被喂以浓缩物，应考虑在密集conditions.Abstract解释行为需求时，了解猪的自然行为在自由放养的条件下，有利于解释他们的行为在密集的条件下。研究了6个不同的农场在两年多的时间里在不同的季节，气候和管理的变化，允许伊比利亚猪的行为和哪些因素有影响它的一般描述。发现的主要活动是休息（56.5%的时间观察），其次是探索行为。然而，这种探索行为是更高的动物时，只喂养与自然资源比时，饲料与浓缩物（50%对17.8%，分别）。此外，猪在夏天使用的洗浴区在冬天没有访问。消极的社会行为比积极的社会行为更常见，占动物总活动的1%。位于群体中心的猪往往保持更放松，而外围动物保持更警觉和警惕。我们的研究结果表明，觅食行为占猪的活动时间的一个显着比例，但这一比例大大减少时，猪饲料浓缩物。因此，在集约化条件下饲养的猪的行为需求应考虑到，当猪用精料喂养时，探索行为减少。
Simple Summary Understanding the natural behaviour of pigs in free-range conditions facilitates the interpretation of their behaviour in intensive conditions. The present study aims to study behavioural indicators of activity in the domestic pig, reared free-range and under two feeding regimes, with some help from humans with concentrates and without help, just eating natural resources. Results confirmed that exploratory behaviour was an important behaviour for pigs, but the same animals that dedicated 50% of their time to this activity when they were not fed by humans reduced this activity to 17.8% when they were fed with concentrates. In addition, few social contacts between animals were seen in extensive conditions, with a higher incidence of negative rather than positive social behaviour. It was concluded that: (1) the need for exploring the surroundings in natural environments is of less importance for pigs when they are fed by humans, and (2) bathing areas in outdoor conditions are important for pigs in the event of warm conditions. Overall, it is concluded that natural behaviour of pigs in free-range conditions, such as a reduced foraging behaviour when pigs are fed with concentrates, should be considered when interpreting behavioural needs in intensive conditions.Abstract Understanding the natural behaviour of pigs in free-range conditions facilitates interpretation of their behaviour in intensive conditions. Studying six different farms over two years at different seasons, with climatic and management variations, allowed for a general description of Iberian pig behaviour and which factors have an influence on it. The main activity found was resting (56.5% of the time observed), followed by exploratory behaviour. However, this exploratory behaviour was higher when animals were fed only with natural resources than when fed with concentrates (50% versus 17.8%, respectively). In addition, pigs used bathing areas in summer that were not visited in winter. Negative social behaviour was seen more frequently than positive social behaviour, accounting, in total, for 1% of the total activity of animals. Pigs situated at the centre of the groups tended to remain more relaxed, while the peripheral animals remained more alert and vigilant. Our results indicate that foraging behaviour accounts for a significant proportion of pigs' active time, but this proportion is much more reduced when pigs are fed concentrates. Therefore, behavioural needs in pigs reared in intensive conditions should consider that exploratory behaviour is reduced when pigs are fed with concentrates.