Application of a model for delivering occupational safety and health to smaller businesses: Case studies from the US.
Application of a model for delivering occupational safety and health to smaller businesses: Case studies from the US.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2014.06.011
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发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Sinclair R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham TR;Sinclair R
小公司在美国的每个行业中都占多数，他们承受着比大公司更大的职业伤害、疾病和死亡负担。较小的公司往往缺乏开展有效职业安全和健康活动的必要资源，许多公司在安全和健康方案编制方面需要外部援助。NIOSH的研究人员基于欧洲和新西兰研究人员先前的工作，开发了小企业职业安全和健康干预措施。该模型与几个中介组织进行了评估。四个案例研究描述了向小企业提供职业安全和健康援助的努力，包括：为建筑提供堑壕安全培训，为一般工业提供基本合规和危险识别，为餐馆提供扩大的安全和健康培训，为船舶修理承包商提供预防跌倒和呼吸器培训。成功的努力包括发起者参与中介机构的规划活动，使小企业的需求与中介机构的产品保持一致，发起者继续监测中介机构的活动，以及在中介机构中强有力地领导职业安全和健康。常见的挑战是中介人之间缺乏资源，中介人与发起人之间缺乏面对面会议的机会，以及平衡发起人-中间人-小企业关系中的交流。该模式提供了一些鼓励，即发起者组织可以为小企业提供可持续的职业安全与健康援助，但它们必须依赖于与小企业利益一致的中介机构，他们必须努力了解小企业的社会制度。
Smaller firms are the majority in every industry in the US, and they endure a greater burden of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities than larger firms. Smaller firms often lack the necessary resources for effective occupational safety and health activities, and many require external assistance with safety and health programming. Based on previous work by researchers in Europe and New Zealand, NIOSH researchers developed for occupational safety and health intervention in small businesses. This model was evaluated with several intermediary organizations. Four case studies which describe efforts to reach small businesses with occupational safety and health assistance include the following: trenching safety training for construction, basic compliance and hazard recognition for general industry, expanded safety and health training for restaurants, and fall prevention and respirator training for boat repair contractors. Successful efforts included participation by the initiator among the intermediaries’ planning activities, alignment of small business needs with intermediary offerings, continued monitoring of intermediary activities by the initiator, and strong leadership for occupational safety and health among intermediaries. Common challenges were a lack of resources among intermediaries, lack of opportunities for in-person meetings between intermediaries and the initiator, and balancing the exchanges in the initiator–intermediary–small business relationships. The model offers some encouragement that initiator organizations can contribute to sustainable OSH assistance for small firms, but they must depend on intermediaries who have compatible interests in smaller businesses and they must work to understand the small business social system.