The future is electric! The EV revolution in Norway — Explanations and lessons learned
The future is electric! The EV revolution in Norway — Explanations and lessons learned
复制标题
未来是电动的！挪威的电动汽车革命——解释和经验教训
DOI：
10.1109/evs.2013.6914921
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Guro Boe Wensaas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ole Henrik Hannisdahl;Havard Vaggen Malvik;Guro Boe Wensaas
本文对挪威正在进行的电池电动汽车（BEV）革命进行了分析，重点介绍了为支持从经典汽车转向模式而引入的措施。研究了不同的政策措施、纯电动汽车基础设施和电动汽车技术发展及其一致性。在吸取经验教训之前，本文还对其他一些欧洲国家的纯电动汽车的情况进行了研究。在期望纯电动汽车在特定国家起飞之前，还提出了一系列需要到位的政策。截至2012年底，挪威道路上总共有9500多辆纯电动汽车和330多辆插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV），仅2012年就增加了4679辆。纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力车约占新乘用车销量的3.1%。2011年的相应数字为1.6%。2013年8月，纯电动汽车一项就占到新车销量的6%以上。如果这一趋势继续下去，到2016年底，挪威可能会有超过5万辆电动汽车。那么，挪威的电动汽车革命是如何发生的呢？本文着眼于政策措施、基础设施发展和技术驱动因素，这些因素有助于解释挪威市场的快速发展。本文还考察了瑞典、丹麦、德国、葡萄牙和爱尔兰的纯电动汽车市场渗透率和政策的主要差异。最后，以挪威的例子为出发点，提出了可供其他国家借鉴的三步法。
The paper presents an analysis of the ongoing battery electric vehicles (BEV) revolution in Norway focusing on the measures that have been introduced to support a modal shift away from the classical motor car. Different policy measures, BEV infrastructure and EV technology developments and their coherence are examined. The paper also looks into the situation for BEV in some other European countries before lessons learned are drawn. A list of policies that needs to be in place before one could expect a BEV takeoff in a given country is also presented. In total there were more than 9,500 BEVs and 330 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) driving on Norwegian roads by the end of 2012-an increase of 4.679 in 2012 alone. BEVs and PHEVs amounted to about 3.1 percent of sales of new passenger cars. The corresponding figure for 2011 was 1.6 percent. In August 2013, BEVs alone accounted for over 6% of new car sales. If this trend continues, there could be more than 50.000 electric cars in Norway by the end of 2016. So how did this EV-revolution in Norway come about? The paper looks at policy measure, infrastructure developments and technology drivers which can help explain the rapid development seen in the Norwegian marketplace. This paper also examines the market penetration and the main differences in BEV policies in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Portugal and Ireland. In the end a 3-step lesson to be learned for other countries are presented - with the Norwegian example as the starting point.