Understanding sensorimotor adaptation and learning for rehabilitation.
Understanding sensorimotor adaptation and learning for rehabilitation.
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DOI：
10.1097/wco.0b013e328315a293
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发表时间：
2008-12
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Bastian AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bastian AJ
了解感觉运动适应和学习的行为机制对于设计合理的康复干预措施至关重要。适应是调整运动以适应新需求的试错过程，现在被认为不仅仅是一个简单的错误消除过程。相反，它可能会校准大脑对身体将如何移动的预测，并考虑与新任务需求相关的成本。小脑的损伤会系统性地破坏适应能力，但大脑其他区域的损伤通常不会。适应由机器人或跑步机等设备驱动的扰动只会导致部分泛化到不受约束的“现实世界”运动。重复适应可以导致学习新的运动校准，但这种类型的学习巩固过程在患者中了解较少。通过使运动灵活，适应对于康复本质上是重要的，但也可以用于确定一些患者是否可以产生更正常的运动模式。重复的适应可以导致学习新的、更永久的运动校准。虽然不太了解，但这种类型的学习可能是长期改善患者运动模式的重要方法。
Understanding the behavioral mechanisms of sensorimotor adaptation and learning is essential for designing rational rehabilitation interventions. Adaptation is the trial-and-error process of adjusting movement to new demands and is now thought to be more than a simple error cancellation process. Instead, it may calibrate the brain’s prediction of how the body will move and takes into account costs associated with the new task demand. Damage of the cerebellum systematically disrupts adaptation, but damage to other brain regions often does not. Adapting to perturbations driven by a device like a robot or a treadmill leads to only partial generalization to unconstrained ‘real-world’ movements. Repeated adaptation can lead to learning a new motor calibration, but process of consolidation of this type of learning is less understood in patients. Adaptation is inherently important for rehabilitation by making movement flexible, but can also be used to ascertain whether some patients can generate a more normal motor pattern. Repeated adaptation can lead to learning of a new, more permanent motor calibration. Though less understood, this type of learning is likely to be an important method for making long-term improvements in patients’ movement patterns.