Islamic Law in Theory - Studies on Jurisprudence in Honor of Bernard Weiss
Islamic Law in Theory - Studies on Jurisprudence in Honor of Bernard Weiss
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伊斯兰法理论 - 纪念伯纳德·韦斯的法理学研究
DOI：
10.1163/9789004265196_011
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Reinhart A
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文献类型：
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作者：
Reinhart A
“字面意义”一词被广泛使用，但一般不加批判地，在中世纪伊斯兰诠释学的二级文献。在经典的伊斯兰教教法中，有两个技术术语经常被翻译为“字面意义”（或“字面理解”、“字面定义”、“字面解释”等变体）：zāhir和haqiqah。学者们为这两个术语提出了大量的替代翻译（从zāhir的“明显”和”不加批判”到haqiqah的“真实”和”适当”），尽管在我看来，”字面”是这两个术语最流行的。据我所知，伯纳德·韦斯是迄今为止唯一一位对”字面”一词是否适合翻译成《古兰经》中使用的“zāhir”或“haqiqah”进行自我反思的学者。在他对赛义夫·丹恩·米德拉的研究中，韦斯评估了zāhir和haqqah在al-1233）al-I kām fi uul al-a kām中的地位，al-middle的法律的诠释学。首先要说的是，韦斯认为zahir和haqiqah这两个术语与表达的分类有关。一个haqiqah表达是这样的：“一个词汇[韦斯对lafz的翻译]被用来传达它最初被赋予的意义[wad]，作为词汇代码中的一个项目[也就是说在Lugha中]。“2这里的含义是，”haqiqah“一词描述的是一个词的用法，而不是它的含义（如果这两件事确实可以区分的话）。
The term “literal meaning” is used extensively, but generally uncritically, in the secondary literature on medieval Islamic hermeneutics. Two tech-nical terms in classical uşūl al-fiqh are frequently translated as" literal meaning"(or a variant such as" literal understanding,”“literal definition,"" literal interpretation"): zāhir and haqiqah. Scholars have suggested a plethora of alternative translations for both these terms (from “obvious" and" uncritical” for zāhir to “veridical" and" proper” for haqiqah), though" literal," in my estimation, is the most popular for both terms. ¹ Bernard Weiss, as far as I can ascertain, is the only scholar to date to embark on a self-reflective examination of whether the term" literal" is an appropriate translation for either zāhir or haqiqah, as they are used in uşūl al-fiqh. In his magisterial study of Sayf al-Dīn al-Āmidī's (d. 631/1233) al-Iḥkām fi ușūl al-aḥkām, Weiss assesses the position of zāhir and haqīqah in al-Āmidī's legal hermeneutics. The first thing to be said is that Weiss sees the terms zāhir and haqiqah as relating to the classification of expressions. A haqiqah expression is one in which “a vocable [Weiss's translation of lafz] is used to convey the meaning to which it was originally assigned [wad] as an item within the lexical code [that is to say within the Lugha]." 2 The implication here is that the term haqiqah describes the usage of a word, rather than its meaning (if the two things can, indeed, be distinguished).