Shopping Activity at Warehouse Club Stores and Its Competitive and Network Density Implications
Shopping Activity at Warehouse Club Stores and Its Competitive and Network Density Implications
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仓库俱乐部商店的购物活动及其竞争和网络密度的影响
DOI：
10.1111/poms.13226
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
M. Hwang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Lim;E. Rabinovich;Sungho Park;M. Hwang
仓储俱乐部（WC）零售商通常使用独立商店扩展到新市场，而不是像过去其他（非WC）零售商那样追求密集的商店网络。虽然这种策略提高了运营效率，但它也给家庭购物带来了高昂的旅行成本，这让人质疑WC便利店能否应对其他形式商店的空间竞争。我们通过使用好市多批发商店所服务市场的家庭购物活动数据来检验这一现象。具体来说，我们评估了这些商店对空间竞争的弹性，方法是估算家庭在商店购物的旅行成本所占的比例，并将这一估算值与非WC商店的估算值进行比较。控制家庭在Costco和非WC商店的旅行成本，我们发现家庭在Costco商店的支出份额比在非WC商店的份额高出61%。这表明Costco商店在服务商店网络稀疏的市场区域时比非WC商店具有优势。然而，我们也发现，这种优势随着Costco商店和家庭之间的距离而减弱，并且有一个有限的距离，超过这个距离，这种优势就会消失。研究表明，这一距离（约21英里）是评估好市多商店与其他商店之间空间竞争以及检查好市多商店需求饱和的重要参考点。
Warehouse club (WC) retailers have typically expanded to new markets using stand‐alone stores, rather than pursuing dense store networks as other (non‐WC) retailers have in the past. While this strategy generates operating efficiencies, it also imposes high travel costs on households to shop, which calls into question WC stores' resilience to spatial competition from stores operating other formats. We examine this phenomenon by using data on households' shopping activity across markets served by Costco Wholesale stores. Specifically, we evaluate these stores' resilience to spatial competition by estimating the share of households' expenditures relative to travel costs to shop at the stores and comparing this estimate with that for non‐WC stores. Controlling for households' travel costs across Costco and non‐WC stores, we find that households' share of expenditures at Costco stores exceeds the share at non‐WC stores by 61%. This suggests that Costco stores have an advantage over non‐WC stores when serving market areas with sparse store networks. Nevertheless, we also find that this advantage diminishes with the distance between Costco stores and households and that there is a finite distance beyond which this advantage disappears. We show that this distance (approximately 21 miles) is an important reference point for the evaluation of spatial competition between Costco stores and other stores and the examination of demand saturation at Costco stores.