Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback
Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback
复制标题
催产素对响应期望和不良反馈的信念更新有独特的影响
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1604285113
复制
发表时间：
2016-08-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Han, Shihui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Yina;Li, Shiyi;Han, Shihui
人类根据反馈更新自己的信念，并相应地修改自己的行为以适应复杂、不断变化的社会环境。然而，人们倾向于将期望的（比预期更好的）反馈纳入他们的信念，而忽视不期望的（比预期更差的）反馈。这种乐观的更新已经发展成为社会适应的有利机制。在这里，我们研究催产素 (OT) 的作用。一种进化的古老神经肽，对于社会适应至关重要。相信根据三项研究（n = 320）中的期望和不良反馈进行更新。使用双盲、安慰剂对照的受试者间设计，我们表明鼻内给予 OT (IN-OT) 通过促进期望反馈的更新但削弱不良反馈的更新来增强乐观信念更新。 IN-OT 引起的不良反馈信念更新障碍在具有高抑郁或焦虑特征的个体中更为明显，而不是在具有低抑郁或焦虑特征的个体中更为明显。 IN-OT 有选择地提高所需反馈的学习率（估计误差与后续更新之间的关联强度）。 IN-OT 还增加了参与者在收到期望的但不是不期望的反馈后对其估计的信心，并且 OT 对期望反馈的信心更新的影响调节了 IN-OT 对乐观信念更新的影响。我们的研究结果揭示了 OT 在更新一阶估计和二阶置信判断以响应期望和不期望的反馈方面的独特功能作用，这表明乐观信念更新的分子基础。
Humans update their beliefs upon feedback and, accordingly, modify their behaviors to adapt to the complex, changing social environment. However, people tend to incorporate desirable (better than expected) feedback into their beliefs but to discount undesirable (worse than expected) feedback. Such optimistic updating has evolved as an advantageous mechanism for social adaptation. Here, we examine the role of oxytocin (OT). an evolutionary ancient neuropeptide pivotal for social adaptation. in belief updating upon desirable and undesirable feedback in three studies (n = 320). Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled between-subjects design, we show that intranasally administered OT (IN-OT) augments optimistic belief updating by facilitating updates of desirable feedback but impairing updates of undesirable feedback. The IN-OT-induced impairment in belief updating upon undesirable feedback is more salient in individuals with high, rather than with low, depression or anxiety traits. IN-OT selectively enhances learning rate (the strength of association between estimation error and subsequent update) of desirable feedback. IN-OT also increases participants' confidence in their estimates after receiving desirable but not undesirable feedback, and the OT effect on confidence updating upon desirable feedback mediates the effect of IN-OT on optimistic belief updating. Our findings reveal distinct functional roles of OT in updating the first-order estimation and second-order confidence judgment in response to desirable and undesirable feedback, suggesting a molecular substrate for optimistic belief updating.