Reinforcement in applied settings: figuring out ahead of time what will work.
Reinforcement in applied settings: figuring out ahead of time what will work.
复制标题
在应用环境中进行强化：提前弄清楚什么是有效的。
DOI：
10.1037/0033-2909.110.3.379
复制
发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Farmer-Dougan,VA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Timberlake,W;Farmer-Dougan,VA
这篇文章回顾了概念性尝试的实际价值，以指定提前加固的情况。从Meehl（1950）的过渡强化方法，到Premack（1959, 1965）的概率微分模型，再到反应剥夺和不平衡方法（Timberlake, 1980, 1984; Timberlake & Allison, 1974），都可以追溯到改进。从简单、准确、适应性等方面评价了每种方法的应用价值。文章表明，非均衡方法解释和扩展了目前经验驱动的强化控制技术，并检查了它的一些局限性。非均衡方法阐明了如何利用现有知识更准确地预测强化的情况，并邀请应用研究和基础研究在其进一步发展中的合作。
This article reviews the practical value of conceptual attempts to specify the circumstances of reinforcement ahead of time. Improvements are traced from the transituational-reinforcer approach of Meehl (1950), through the probability-differential model of Premack (1959, 1965), to the response deprivation and disequilibrium approach (Timberlake, 1980, 1984; Timberlake & Allison, 1974). The application value of each approach is evaluated on the grounds of simplicity, accuracy, and adaptability. The article shows that the disequilibrium approach accounts for and extends current empirically driven techniques of reinforcement control and examines some of its limitations. The disequilibrium approach clarifies how current knowledge can be used to predict more accurately the circumstances of reinforcement and invites the collaboration of applied and basic research in its further development.