The physiology of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria
The physiology of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria
复制标题
芳香烃降解菌的生理学
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-011-1687-9_11
复制
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mark R. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mark R. Smith
芳烃在自然界中普遍存在。事实上，除了葡萄糖基残基，苯环是自然界中分布最广的化学结构单元（Dagley 1981）。近年来，商业和工业活动产生的芳烃的数量和种类持续增加。由于这些化合物对植物和动物的健康具有潜在的危害，它们的出现引起了极大的关注。苯、甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯和二甲苯是生产量最大的50种工业化学品之一，每年的产量达数百万吨。这些化合物被广泛用作燃料和工业溶剂。此外，它们和多核芳族化合物为生产药物、农用化学品、聚合物、炸药和许多其他日常产品提供了起始材料（Smith 1990）。人造芳香烃的使用不可避免地导致其释放（无论是意外的还是其他的）到环境中，尽管政府干预，这个问题仍然在升级。芳香族化合物的生物降解可以被认为，一方面是碳循环的正常过程的一部分，另一方面是从环境中去除人造污染物。在过去的几十年里，这一主题得到了广泛的评论（Hopper 1978; Cripps和Watkinson 1978;吉布森和Subramanian 1984; Cerniglia 1984; Dagley 1986; Smith 1990，作为例子）。最近取得的大多数进展都巩固了以前的调查结果，解决了一些悬而未决的问题。本综述的目的是通过选择一系列关键化合物（苯、烷基苯、链烯基苯、四氢萘、联苯、萘和多环芳烃--见图1）的实例，来考察我们对芳烃降解生理学的理解现状。
Aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in nature. Indeed, next to glucosyl residues, the benzene ring is the most widely distributed unit of chemical structure in nature (Dagley 1981). The amount and variety of aromatic hydrocarbons generated by commercial and industrial activities has continued to increase over the years. The occurrence of such compounds is a cause for great concern due to their potential hazard to the well being of both plants and animals. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene and the xylenes are among the 50 largest-volume industrial chemicals produced, with production figures of the order of millions of tonnnes per year. These compounds are widely used as fuels and industrial solvents. In addition, they and the polynuclear aromatic compounds provide the starting materials for the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, explosives and many other everyday products (Smith 1990). The use of man-made aromatic hydrocarbons has inevitably led to their release (either accidental or otherwise) into the environment and this problem is still escalating in spite of governmental intervention.The biodegradation of aromatic compounds can be considered, on the one hand as part of the normal process of the carbon cycle and as the removal of man-made pollutants from the environment, on the other. Over the last decades this topic has been extensively reviewed (Hopper 1978; Cripps and Watkinson 1978; Gibson and Subramanian 1984; Cerniglia 1984; Dagley 1986; Smith 1990, as examples). The majority of the recent advances made have consolidated previous findings, tying up some of the loose ends. The purpose of this current review is to examine the present status of our understanding of the physiology of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, using examples from a selected range of key compounds (benzene, alkylbenzenes, alkenylbenzenes, tetralin, biphenyl, naphthalene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-see Fig. 1).