Are Pyrodinium Blooms in the Southeast Asian Region Recurring and Spreading? A View at the End of the Millennium
Are Pyrodinium Blooms in the Southeast Asian Region Recurring and Spreading? A View at the End of the Millennium
复制标题
东南亚地区吡啶盐华是否反复发生并蔓延？
DOI：
10.1579/0044-7447-30.6.356
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. “Max” Taylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Azanza;F. “Max” Taylor
摘要 巴哈马吡咯藻 (Pyrodinium bahamense, var. compressum) 是二十多年来唯一在东南亚地区造成重大公共卫生和经济问题的甲藻物种。它产生石房蛤毒素，这是一组导致麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）的毒素。这是一个影响世界许多国家的严重毒理学问题，轻度中毒病例可能在 30 分钟内发生，而在极端情况下，可能在摄入中毒贝类后 2-24 小时内因呼吸麻痹而死亡。马来西亚、文莱达鲁萨兰国、菲律宾和印度尼西亚均报告了这种生物体的大量繁殖。自 1976 年赤潮首次在马来西亚沙巴发生以来，东盟-加拿大赤潮网络已在 26 个地区记录了 31 次赤潮爆发。截至1999年，受灾最严重的国家是菲律宾，其受影响地区最多（18个），麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）病例最多（约1995年）。马来西亚共报告了 609 例 PSP 病例和 44 例死亡，而文莱则记录了 14 例 PSP 病例，没有死亡病例。另一方面，印度尼西亚有 427 例 PSP 病例和 17 例死亡记录。该地区尚未对这些水华的生态/环境影响进行研究。对经济影响的估计表明，损失可能高达 300 000 美元 day−1。大多数有助于了解吡啶藻华动态的数据和信息都来自有害/有毒藻类监测和研究，这些监测和研究在受该生物体华华影响的地区各国已得到不同程度的发展。区域协作研究和监测工作可以帮助协调当地数据集，并确保其质量和可用性，以进行比较分析和建模。可以调查局部和区域范围内水华的时间模式以及吡啶水华发生/复发和传播的可能信号和趋势。可以改进和细化现有的吡啶藻华的描述性和简单的预测模型，以帮助管理该地区的贝类野生收获和水产养殖，该地区的人们依赖这些资源来维持日常粮食维持和生计。
Abstract Pyrodinium bahamense (var. compressum) has been the only dinoflagellate species that has caused major public health and economic problems in the Southeast Asian region for more than 2 decades now. It produces saxitoxin, a suite of toxins that cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). A serious toxicological problem affecting many countries of the world, mild cases of this poisoning can occur within 30 minutes while in extreme cases, death through respiratory paralysis may occur within 2–24 hrs of ingestion of intoxicated shellfish. Blooms of the organism have been reported in Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, the Philippines and Indonesia. The ASEAN-Canada Red Tide Network has recorded 31 blooms of the organism in 26 areas since 1976 when it first occurred in Sabah, Malaysia. As of 1999, the most hard hit country has been the Philippines which has the greatest number of areas affected (18) and highest number of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) cases (about 1995). Malaysia has reported a total of 609 PSP cases and 44 deaths while Brunei has recorded 14 PSP cases and no fatalities. Indonesia, on the other hand has a record of 427 PSP cases and 17 deaths. Studies on ecological/environmental impacts of these blooms have not been done in the region. Estimates of economic impacts have shown that the loss could be up to USD 300 000 day−1. Most of the data and information useful for understanding Pyrodinium bloom dynamics have come from harmful/toxic algal monitoring and research that have developed to different degrees in the various countries in the region affected by the organism's bloom. Regional collaborative research and monitoring efforts can help harmonize local data sets and ensure their quality and availability for comparative analysis and modeling. Temporal patterns of the blooms at local and regional scales and possible signals and trends in the occurrence/recurrence and spread of Pyrodinium blooms could be investigated. Existing descriptive and simple predictive models of Pyrodinium blooms can be improved and refined to help in the management of the wild harvest and aquaculture of shellfish in a region where the people are dependent on these resources for their daily food sustainance and livelihood.