In vitro induction of autotetraploid of Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.) by colchicine treatment and essential oil productivity of its capitulum.
In vitro induction of autotetraploid of Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.) by colchicine treatment and essential oil productivity of its capitulum.
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秋水仙碱处理罗马洋甘菊（Chamaemelum nobile L.）同源四倍体的体外诱导及其头状花序的精油生产力。
DOI：
10.1007/s11627-016-9779-0
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yoshinori Nakao and Satoshi Asada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Masato Tsuro;Natsumi Kondo;Marii Noda;Keiko Ota;Yoshinori Nakao and Satoshi Asada
洋甘菊是著名的药用植物，由大约100种或变种组成，栽培于欧洲、亚洲、澳大利亚、北美和南美洲(Hikawa 1998；Franke和Schilcher 2005)。其中两种为一年生草本德国洋甘菊(Matricaria recutita L.，syn.)洋甘菊Jomilla recutita L.)和多年生罗马洋甘菊(Chamaemelum nobille L.，syn.)黄花菊Anhemis nobilis L.)在用于药品和化妆品的精油生产中，精油是经济上最重要的(Franke和Schilcher，2005)。这两种植物的精油成分有很大不同。德国洋甘菊挥发油的主要成分是倍半萜类化合物，如Chamazulene、双没食子醇及其氧化物，而罗马洋甘菊挥发油的主要成分是半萜类化合物，如当归酸及其酯，以及单萜类化合物，如α-Pinene(Omidbaigi et al.2004年；Franke和Schilcher 2005年)。由于这两个物种的水蒸气蒸馏产油率较低，约为0.2%~1.5%(v/w)，因此进行育种以提高它们的精油生产率是有兴趣的(Hikawa，1998)。染色体加倍是提高次生代谢物生产率的一种强有力的育种方法。到目前为止，已经成功培育了几种植物，通过染色体加倍来增加次生代谢物的产量。例如，在四倍体植物中，托烷生物碱的生产率比在二倍体的尼日尔Hyoscyamus niger(拉瓦尼亚和斯里瓦斯塔瓦，1991年)中提高了122.5%。在青蒿中，四倍体毛状根产生的倍半萜青蒿素比二倍体原始青蒿素多六倍(Jesse-Gonzalez和Weather 2003)。此外，在四倍体草本植物中，精油作为次生代谢物的生产力也得到了提高，例如香菜(Dijkstra和speckmann 1980)和日本薄荷(Janaki-Ammal和Sobti 1962)。在德国洋甘菊中，四倍体植物自20世纪60年代以来也被培育出来，因为四倍体植物以其巨大的形态和提高精油产量而闻名(Franke和Schilcher 2005)。然而，四倍体植株对精油的生产效率以及罗马甘菊四倍体植株的高效形成还没有报道。本文试图利用体外培养系统建立罗马甘菊染色体加倍体系。我们还对成熟的四倍体再生植株的形态表型进行了表征。此外，还对其挥发油的含量和组成进行了讨论。
Chamomile is well-known medicinal plant, comprise of ca. 100 species or varieties, cultivated in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North and South America (Hikawa 1998; Franke and Schilcher 2005). Two of these species, the annual herbaceous German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., syn. Chamomilla recutita L.) and the perennial Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L., syn. Anthemis nobilis L.) are the most economically important in the production of essential oils that are used for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics (Franke and Schilcher 2005). The composition of essential oils is quite different between these two species. The major components of essential oil of German chamomile are sesquiterpenoids such as chamazulene, bisabolol, and its oxide, while those of Roman chamomile are hemiterpenoids such as angelic acid and its esters, and monoterpenoids like α-pinene (Omidbaigi et al. 2004; Franke and Schilcher 2005). It is of interest to breed to increase essential oil productivity in both species because of their low oil yield by steam distillation ca. 0.2~ 1.5%(v/w)(Hikawa 1998). Chromosome doubling is a powerful breeding method for increasing the productivity of secondary metabolites. To date, several plants have been successfully bred to increase production of secondary metabolites by chromosome doubling. For example, the productivity of tropane alkaloids has been increased to 122.5% in tetraploid plants compared to diploids in Hyoscyamus niger (Lavania and Srivastava 1991). In Artemisia annua, tetraploid hairy roots produced up to six times more sesquiterpene artemisinin than the diploid original (Jesus-Gonzalez and Weathers 2003). Moreover, enhanced productivities of essential oil as a secondary metabolite in tetraploid herbal plants have been reported, eg, caraway (Dijkstra and Speckmann 1980) and Japanese peppermint (Janaki-Ammal and Sobti 1962). In German chamomile, tetraploid plants have also been bred since 1960s because tetraploid plants were well known for their large-sized morphology and increased productivity of essential oils (Franke and Schilcher 2005). However, the productivity of essential oil by tetraploid plants and the establishment of efficient formation of tetraploid plants in Roman chamomile remain unreported.In this paper, we tried to establish an efficient chromosome doubling system in Roman chamomile by using an in vitro culture system. We also characterized the morphological phenotypes of mature regenerated tetraploid plantlets. In addition, the content and composition of essential oils in those plants are discussed.