Cosmic-ray intensity variations in the 3-dimensional heliosphere
Cosmic-ray intensity variations in the 3-dimensional heliosphere
复制标题
3 维日光层中的宇宙射线强度变化
DOI：
10.1007/bf00704241
复制
发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Badruddin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Venkatesan;Badruddin
宇宙线强度变化的研究是利用过去50年或更长时间里地面和气球设备登记的数据进行的。1957年7月至1958年12月的国际地球物理年(IGY)推动了全球合作。随着空间时代的到来，全球范围内的协调测量网络成为可能。通过卫星携带的探测器进行的现场测量导致了深空探索。在过去的15年里，航天器先驱者和旅行者以与太阳的径向距离越来越远的方式进一步进入日光层，将对时间变化的研究转变为对时间和空间变化的研究。此外，随着旅行者1号自与土星相遇以来渐进地朝着∼北纬35°的方向前进，以及旅行者2号在1989年底与海王星相遇后预期的方向向∼南纬48°移动，旅行者1号正在将这项研究转变为对日光层的真正三维探索。因此，研究银河系宇宙线强度在距离、纬度和太阳周期内从日光层深处的现场测量中的变化确实是一项了不起的成就。现在可以以前所未有的方式研究不同时间尺度上的各种宇宙线强度变化、太阳活动演变对强度的调制以及行星际介质(也称为日光层)电磁状态的作用；这些研究对我们了解太阳邻近地区做出了巨大贡献。本文主要讨论近二十年来对宇宙线强度的时间和空间变化的研究。
The study of cosmic-ray intensity variations have been carried out with data registered by ground-based and balloon-borne equipment for the past 50 years or more. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) from July 1957 to December 1958 gave an impetus to global collaborations. A world-wide network of concerted measurements became available with the advent of the space age.In situ measurements by satellite-borne detectors led to deep-space exploration. The spacecraft Pioneers and Voyagers, during the past 15 years, traversing farther out into the heliosphere at increasing radial distances from the sun have changed the study of time variations into one of time and spatial variations.Furthermore, with the Voyager 1, proceeding asymptotically towards heliolatitudes of ∼ 35° north since its encounter with Saturn and the anticipated direction of Voyager 2 after its encounter with Neptune in late-1989 towards ∼48° south heliolatitude, is converting the study into a truly three-dimensional exploration of the heliosphere. Thus, the investigation of galactic cosmic-ray intensity variations fromin situ measurements deep in the heliosphere in distance, latitude, and over solar cycles is indeed a remarkable achievement.The various cosmic-ray intensity variations over different time-scales, the modulation of the intensity by the evolving solar activity and the role of the electromagnetic state of the interplanetary medium (otherwise called heliosphere) can now be investigated as never before; these studies contribute immensely to our knowledge of the solar neighbourhood. This article essentially deals with the studies of time and spatial variations of cosmic-ray intensity that have been conducted especially over the past two decades.