RINGs, DUBs and Abnormal Brain Growth-Histone H2A Ubiquitination in Brain Development and Disease.

RINGs, DUBs and Abnormal Brain Growth-Histone H2A Ubiquitination in Brain Development and Disease.
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DOI:
10.3390/epigenomes6040042
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发表时间:
2022-12-02
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Illingworth, Robert Scott
Illingworth, Robert Scott
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Doyle, Lucy Anne;Unlu Bektas, Firuze;Chatzantonaki, Eleftheria;Repton, Charlotte;Derrien, Alexandra;Illingworth, Robert Scott

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在哺乳动物神经发育过程中,信号通路汇聚于转录因子 (TF),以建立适当的基因表达程序,从而产生不同的神经细胞和神经胶质细胞类型。这一过程部分受到表观遗传系统对染色质状态的动态调节的调节,包括共抑制子的多梳族 (PcG) 家族。 PcG 蛋白形成多亚基组装体,可细分为不同但功能相关的家族。 Polycomb 抑制复合物 1 和 2(PRC1 和 2)分别通过 H2A 泛素化 (H2AK119ub1) 和 H3 甲基化共价修饰组蛋白尾部,从而改变染色质的化学性质。与 PRC 不同,Polycomb 抑制性去泛素酶 (PR-DUB) 复合物通过 C 端水解酶 BAP1 的作用从染色质中去除 H2AK119ub1。基因筛查已发现多种 PcG 突变与一系列先天性神经病理学相关,这些先天性神经病理学与局部和/或全身生长异常相关。由于 PRC1 和 PR-DUB 在控制整个基因组中的 H2AK119ub1 水平方面具有相反的功能,因此此类神经发育障碍可能是通过共同机制产生的。在这篇综述中,我们将重点关注哺乳动物 PRC1 和 PR-DUB 的组成和相反分子功能的进展,并探讨它们的功能障碍如何导致神经发育障碍的出现。
During mammalian neurodevelopment, signaling pathways converge upon transcription factors (TFs) to establish appropriate gene expression programmes leading to the production of distinct neural and glial cell types. This process is partially regulated by the dynamic modulation of chromatin states by epigenetic systems, including the polycomb group (PcG) family of co-repressors. PcG proteins form multi-subunit assemblies that sub-divide into distinct, yet functionally related families. Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and 2) modify the chemical properties of chromatin by covalently modifying histone tails via H2A ubiquitination (H2AK119ub1) and H3 methylation, respectively. In contrast to the PRCs, the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex removes H2AK119ub1 from chromatin through the action of the C-terminal hydrolase BAP1. Genetic screening has identified several PcG mutations that are causally associated with a range of congenital neuropathologies associated with both localised and/or systemic growth abnormalities. As PRC1 and PR-DUB hold opposing functions to control H2AK119ub1 levels across the genome, it is plausible that such neurodevelopmental disorders arise through a common mechanism. In this review, we will focus on advancements regarding the composition and opposing molecular functions of mammalian PRC1 and PR-DUB, and explore how their dysfunction contributes to the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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