Control system options and strategies for supercritical CO2 cycles.
Control system options and strategies for supercritical CO2 cycles.
复制标题
超临界二氧化碳循环的控制系统选项和策略。
DOI：
10.2172/958037
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
J. Sienicki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Moisseytsev;K. Kulesza;J. Sienicki
超临界二氧化碳（S-CO{sub 2}）布雷顿循环是朗肯蒸汽循环和回热气体布雷顿循环能量转换器的有前途的替代方案，用于钠冷快堆（SFR）、铅冷快堆（LFR）以及其他先进的反应堆概念。与在相同液态金属反应堆堆芯出口温度下运行的兰金或回热气体布雷顿循环相比，S-CO{sub 2}布雷顿循环提供了更高的工厂效率，并且降低了关键部件（尤其是涡轮机）的成本或尺寸。阿贡国家实验室开发了一个新的装置动力学计算机程序，用于模拟与自主负荷跟随液态金属冷却快堆耦合的S-CO{sub 2}布雷顿循环能量转换器。应用电厂动力学程序研究了STAR-LM 181 MWe（400 MWt）铅冷快堆S-CO{sub 2}布雷顿循环控制策略的有效性。该策略涉及控制机制的组合，被发现是有效的控制S-CO{sub 2}布雷顿循环在整个操作范围从0到100%的负载为一组代表性的瞬态负载变化。虽然STARLM的控制策略性能的系统动态分析是针对包含轴流式涡轮机和压缩机的amore » S-CO{sub 2}布雷顿循环能量转换器进行的，但是S-CO{sub 2}布雷顿循环的研究已经确定了使用离心压缩机的益处，离心压缩机提供了更宽的操作范围，在临界点附近更大的稳定性，并且由于比轴流式压缩机更少的级而潜在地进一步降低成本。阿贡已经开发了用于SCO{sub 2}布雷顿循环的离心式压缩机的概念设计和性能分析模型。稳态计算表明，与安装在S-CO{sub 2} Brayton循环中的轴流压缩机相比，离心压缩机的操作范围更宽，并且在扩展单个控制机构对循环控制有效的范围方面具有优势。然而，在0和100%负载之间，仍然需要机构的组合来控制S-CO{sub 2}布雷顿循环。正在努力通过与使用小规模桑迪亚布雷顿回路（SBL）回热气体封闭布雷顿循环设施进行的试验数据进行比较，部分验证阿贡模型和代码。离心式压缩机模型已与SBL用氮气运行的数据进行了比较，压缩机出口压力与流速的计算值和测量数据之间具有良好的一致性，尽管有必要假设某些模型参数的值，这些参数需要有关压缩机部件配置或尺寸的信息，但这些信息不可用。遗憾的是，由于缺乏出口温度数据，压缩机效率无法与实验数据进行比较。开发了径向入流涡轮机模型，以便能够将计算结果与SBL（包括径向入流涡轮机和径向压气机）的数据进行进一步比较。采用向心涡轮机模型对压比和效率随流量的变化进行了初步计算。«少
The Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (S-CO{sub 2}) Brayton Cycle is a promising alternative to Rankine steam cycle and recuperated gas Brayton cycle energy converters for use with Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs), Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs), as well as other advanced reactor concepts. The S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle offers higher plant efficiencies than Rankine or recuperated gas Brayton cycles operating at the same liquid metal reactor core outlet temperatures as well as reduced costs or size of key components especially the turbomachinery. A new Plant Dynamics Computer Code has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory for simulation of a S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle energy converter coupled to an autonomous load following liquid metal-cooled fast reactor. The Plant Dynamics code has been applied to investigate the effectiveness of a control strategy for the S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle for the STAR-LM 181 MWe (400 MWt) Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor. The strategy, which involves a combination of control mechanisms, is found to be effective for controlling the S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle over the complete operating range from 0 to 100 % load for a representative set of transient load changes. While the system dynamic analysis of control strategy performance for STARLM is carried out for amore » S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle energy converter incorporating an axial flow turbine and compressors, investigations of the S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle have identified benefits from the use of centrifugal compressors which offer a wider operating range, greater stability near the critical point, and potentially further cost reductions due to fewer stages than axial flow compressors. Models have been developed at Argonne for the conceptual design and performance analysis of centrifugal compressors for use in the SCO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle. Steady state calculations demonstrate the wider operating range of centrifugal compressors versus axial compressors installed in a S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle as well as the benefits in expanding the range over which individual control mechanisms are effective for cycle control. However, a combination of mechanisms is still required for control of the S-CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle between 0 and 100 % load. An effort is underway to partially validate the Argonne models and codes by means of comparison with data from tests carried out using the small-scale Sandia Brayton Loop (SBL) recuperated gas closed Brayton cycle facility. The centrifugal compressor model has been compared with data from the SBL operating with nitrogen gas and good agreement is obtained between calculations and the measured data for the compressor outlet pressure versus flow rate, although it is necessary to assume values for certain model parameters which require information about the configuration or dimensions of the compressor components that is unavailable. Unfortunately, the compressor efficiency cannot be compared with experiment data due to the lack of outlet temperature data. A radial inflow turbine model has been developed to enable further comparison of calculations with data from the SBL which incorporates both a radial inflow turbine as well as a radial compressor. Preliminary calculations of pressure ratio and efficiency versus flow rate have been carried out using the radial inflow turbine model.« less