Evolution of the Unique Anuran Pelvic and Hind limb Skeleton in Relation to Microhabitat, Locomotor Mode, and Jump Performance
Evolution of the Unique Anuran Pelvic and Hind limb Skeleton in Relation to Microhabitat, Locomotor Mode, and Jump Performance
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icaa043
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Womack, Molly C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buttimer, Shannon M.;Stepanova, Natasha;Womack, Molly C.
无尾两栖动物（青蛙和蟾蜍）在四足动物中有独特的骨盆和后肢骨骼。虽然它们独特的身体计划主要与跳跃有关，但无尾类物种的主要运动模式不同（例如，步行者、跳跃者、跳跃者和游泳者），并且在广泛的微生境中发现（例如，穴居的、陆生的、树栖的和水生的），具有不同的功能需求。鉴于他们在很大程度上保守的身体计划，形态适应这些不同的生态位可能会导致更精细的规模形态变化。我们的研究确定了无尾类独特的骨盆和后肢骨骼结构的形状差异如何随微生境、运动模式和跳跃能力而变化。利用microCT扫描从博物馆收藏的保存标本，我们添加了3D地标的骨盆和后肢骨骼的230无尾类动物物种。此外，我们还从文献中收集了这些物种的微生境和运动数据，这些物种跨越了55个蛙科中的52个，与2.1亿年的无尾类进化相似。使用这个强大的数据集，我们研究骨盆和后肢形态和系统发育史，异速生长，微生境和运动模式之间的关系。我们发现骨盆和后肢的变化与微生境（“ecomorphs”）和运动模式（“ecomorphs”）的变化，并直接将这些形态学的变化与个别物种的跳跃能力。我们还揭示了个体骨骼在进化速率上的差异以及它们与胚胎发育、体型、微生境和运动模式的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了以前没有记录的形态变化与无尾两栖动物的生态和运动多样化，并将这种变化与物种间跳跃能力的差异联系起来。
Anurans (frogs and toads) have a unique pelvic and hind limb skeleton among tetrapods. Although their distinct body plan is primarily associated with saltation, anuran species vary in their primary locomotor mode (e.g., walkers, hoppers, jumpers, and swimmers) and are found in a wide array of microhabitats (e.g., burrowing, terrestrial, arboreal, and aquatic) with varying functional demands. Given their largely conserved body plan, morphological adaptation to these diverse niches likely results from more fine-scale morphological change. Our study determines how shape differences in Anura's unique pelvic and hind limb skeletal structures vary with microhabitat, locomotor mode, and jumping ability. Using microCT scans of preserved specimens from museum collections, we added 3D landmarks to the pelvic and hind limb skeleton of 230 anuran species. In addition, we compiled microhabitat and locomotor data from the literature for these species that span 52 of the 55 families of frogs and similar to 210 million years of anuran evolution. Using this robust dataset, we examine the relationship between pelvic and hind limb morphology and phylogenetic history, allometry, microhabitat, and locomotor mode. We find pelvic and hind limb changes associated with shifts in microhabitat ("ecomorphs") and locomotor mode ("locomorphs") and directly relate those morphological changes to the jumping ability of individual species. We also reveal how individual bones vary in evolutionary rate and their association with phylogeny, body size, microhabitat, and locomotor mode. Our findings uncover previously undocumented morphological variation related to anuran ecological and locomotor diversification and link that variation to differences in jumping ability among species.