Microplastic hotspots in the Snake and Lower Columbia rivers: A journey from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to the Pacific Ocean.
Microplastic hotspots in the Snake and Lower Columbia rivers: A journey from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to the Pacific Ocean.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.033
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yeatman E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kapp KJ;Yeatman E
人们普遍认为，微塑料 (MP) 在海洋环境中无处不在，但人们对淡水河流（尤其是美国西部河流）中 MP 的丰度知之甚少。本研究记录了斯内克河（~1735 公里）沿线及其与哥伦比亚河交汇处至太平洋的 MP 污染。每 80.5 公里河流从地表水顶部 25 厘米采集一次抓斗和浮游生物网样品（网孔尺寸 100 μm）。如果 MP 符合视觉标准，则可以识别它们，并通过热针测试进行验证。根据显微拉曼光谱的外观，从净样品中选择了一小部分具有代表性的 MP 子集 (16.7%)，以努力提供本研究中发现的聚合物类型的示例。 75% 的抓取样品和 92.8% 的净样品含有 MP，浓度范围分别为 0 至 5.405 MPs L−1 和 0 至 0.014 MP L−1（0 至 13.7 MP m−3）。大多数碎片、薄膜和珠子的尺寸在 100 μm-333 μm 之间。这项研究确定了斯内克河和下哥伦比亚河沿岸 MP 污染的潜在热点，并优先考虑需要更密集采样的地区。流量低的地点或河流下游的地点数量较多，前两个热点位于人口密度低但农业利用高的地区。监测淡水系统中的 MP 丰度对于建立 MP 污染的基线水平非常重要，并且可以指导实验室毒理学研究使用与环境更相关的浓度，以便更好地指示 MP 污染如何影响生态系统。本研究使用两种采样方法记录了蛇河中的微塑料 (MP) 污染，并确定了河流流经多用途景观时的 MP 热点。
It is widely understood that microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the marine environment yet less is known about MP abundance in freshwater rivers, particularly those of the western United States. This study documents MP pollution along the Snake River (~1735 km) and from its confluence with the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. Grab and plankton net samples (mesh size 100 μm) were collected from the top 25 cm of surface water every 80.5 river km. MPs were identified if they met visual criteria and were verified with the hot needle test. A small representative subset of MPs from the net samples (16.7%) were selected based on appearance for micro-Raman spectroscopy in effort to provide examples of polymer types found in this study. Seventy-five percent of grab samples and 92.8% of net samples contained MPs, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 5.405 MPs L−1 and 0 to 0.014 MP L−1 (0 to 13.7 MP m−3), respectively. The majority of fragments, films and beads were between 100 μm-333 μm. This study identifies potential hotspots of MP pollution along the Snake and Lower Columbia rivers and prioritizes areas where more intensive sampling is needed. Sites with low flow or those further down river had higher numbers and the top two hotspots were located in areas with low population density but high agricultural use. Monitoring MP abundance in freshwater systems is important for establishing baseline levels of MP pollution and can direct laboratory toxicology studies in using more environmentally relevant concentrations for a better indication of how MP pollution affects ecosystems. This study documents microplastic (MP) pollution in the Snake River using two sampling methods and identifies MP hotspots as the river flows through multi-use landscapes.
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