Association of State Recreational Marijuana Laws With Adolescent Marijuana Use
Association of State Recreational Marijuana Laws With Adolescent Marijuana Use
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DOI：
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3624
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
26.1
通讯作者：
Hasin, Deborah S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cerda, Magdalena;Wall, Melanie;Hasin, Deborah S.
大麻政策正在发生历史性的转变。娱乐用大麻合法化对青少年大麻使用率的影响是一个颇有争议的话题。目的探讨2012年华盛顿州和科罗拉多州娱乐性大麻使用合法化与青少年对大麻的认知危害和使用之间的关系。设计、环境和参与者我们使用的数据来自2010年至2015年监测未来的253,902名八年级、十年级和十二年级学生，这是一项针对美国邻近地区中学生的全国性年度横断面调查。差异性估计比较了华盛顿州和科罗拉多州在娱乐性大麻合法化之前（2010-2012年）与合法化后（2013-2015年）对大麻使用和过去一个月大麻使用的感知危害的变化，以及同期其他未将娱乐性大麻使用合法化的州的趋势。大麻使用的感知危害（偶尔吸食大麻对健康有很大或中等风险）和大麻使用（过去30天）。结果253 902名参与者中，男性120 590人（49.2%），平均（SD）年龄为15.6（1.7）岁。在华盛顿，八年级和十年级学生对大麻危害性的认知分别下降了14.2%和16.1%，而大麻使用量从2010- 2012年到2013-2015年分别增加了2.0%和4.1%。相比之下，在未将娱乐性大麻使用合法化的州，八年级和十年级学生对大麻危害性的感知分别下降了4.9%和7.2%，同期大麻使用量分别下降了1.3%和0.9%。华盛顿州与未将娱乐性药物使用合法化的州的差异估计表明，这些差异在感知危害（八年级学生：%[SD]， - 9.3 [3.5]; P = 0.01；十年级学生：%[SD]， - 9.0 [3.8]; P = 0.02）和大麻使用（八年级学生：%[SD]， 5.0 [1.9]; P = 0.03；十年级学生：%[SD]， 3.2 [1.5]; P = 0.07）方面具有显著性。华盛顿的12年级学生和科罗拉多州的3个年级学生在大麻的危害性和使用方面没有发现显著差异。结论和相关性在华盛顿州八年级和十年级学生中，在娱乐性大麻使用合法化后，大麻使用的危害性降低，大麻使用增加。相比之下，科罗拉多州在大麻合法化后，在感知的危害性或过去一个月的青少年大麻使用情况方面没有表现出任何差异变化。对研究结果的谨慎解读建议，在其他可能使娱乐性大麻使用合法化的州，投资于以证据为基础的青少年物质使用预防项目。
IMPORTANCE Historical shifts are occurring in marijuana policy. The effect of legalizing marijuana for recreational use on rates of adolescent marijuana use is a topic of considerable debate.OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the legalization of recreational marijuana use in Washington and Colorado in 2012 and the subsequent perceived harmfulness and use of marijuana by adolescents.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We used data of 253 902 students in eighth, 10th, and 12th grades from 2010 to 2015 from Monitoring the Future, a national, annual, cross-sectional survey of students in secondary schools in the contiguous United States. Difference- in-difference estimates compared changes in perceived harmfulness of marijuana use and in past-month marijuana use in Washington and Colorado prior to recreational marijuana legalization (2010-2012) with postlegalization (2013-2015) vs the contemporaneous trends in other states that did not legalize recreational marijuana use in this period.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perceived harmfulness of marijuana use (great or moderate risk to health from smoking marijuana occasionally) and marijuana use (past 30 days). RESULTS Of the 253 902 participants, 120 590 of 245 065(49.2%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 15.6 (1.7) years. InWashington, perceived harmfulness declined 14.2% and 16.1% among eighth and 10th graders, respectively, while marijuana use increased 2.0% and 4.1% from 2010- 2012 to 2013-2015. In contrast, among states that did not legalize recreational marijuana use, perceived harmfulness decreased by 4.9% and 7.2% among eighth and 10th graders, respectively, and marijuana use decreased by 1.3% and 0.9% over the same period. Difference- in-difference estimates comparing Washington vs states that did not legalize recreational drug use indicated that these differences were significant for perceived harmfulness (eighth graders:%[SD], - 9.3 [3.5]; P =.01; 10th graders:%[SD], - 9.0 [3.8]; P =.02) and marijuana use (eighth graders:%[SD], 5.0 [1.9]; P =.03; 10th graders:%[SD], 3.2 [1.5]; P =.007). No significant differences were found in perceived harmfulness or marijuana use among 12th graders in Washington or for any of the 3 grades in Colorado.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among eighth and 10th graders in Washington, perceived harmfulness of marijuana use decreased and marijuana use increased following legalization of recreational marijuana use. In contrast, Colorado did not exhibit any differential change in perceived harmfulness or past-month adolescent marijuana use following legalization. A cautious interpretation of the findings suggests investment in evidence-based adolescent substance use prevention programs in any additional states that may legalize recreational marijuana use.