ADHD patients fail to maintain task goals in face of subliminally and consciously induced cognitive conflicts
ADHD patients fail to maintain task goals in face of subliminally and consciously induced cognitive conflicts
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291717000216
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Beste, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gohil, K.;Bluschke, A.;Beste, C.
背景。注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者在动作控制过程中表现出缺陷。虽然我们知道，在健康受试者中，潜意识和有意识诱导的冲突相互作用并共同调节行为控制，但从未对adhd进行过研究。本研究采用神经心理学方法（事件相关电位；ERPs）研究ADHD儿童和健康对照者潜意识和有意识触发反应冲突的（潜在）相互作用，以确定涉及的认知子过程。与健康对照不同，ADHD患者没有表现出潜意识和有意识触发反应冲突的相互作用。相反，他们只表现出累加效应，因为他们的行为表现（准确性）同样受到每种冲突的损害，即使在低冲突负荷的情况下，他们也没有表现出任务-目标屏蔽的迹象。值得注意的是，ADHD和对照组之间的这种差异并非源于P1和N1 erp所反映的早期自下而上的注意刺激加工。相反，ADHD表现出冲突相关过程和反应选择的无调节或反向调节，这反映在N2和P3 erps中。认知控制的结构有根本的不同，这可能对未来的诊断程序有用。与健康对照组不同，ADHD患者似乎没有被赋予一个阈值，使他们在面对低冲突负荷时保持高行为表现。ADHD患者似乎缺乏足够的自上而下的注意资源，通过保护反应选择过程不受任何类型的干扰诱发的反应倾向的影响，来维持面对冲突时正确的反应选择。
Background. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have been reported to display deficits in action control processes. While it is known that subliminally and consciously induced conflicts interact and conjointly modulate action control in healthy subjects, this has never been investigated for ADHD.Method. We investigated the (potential) interaction of subliminally and consciously triggered response conflicts in children with ADHD and matched healthy controls using neuropsychological methods (event-related potentials; ERPs) to identify the involved cognitive sub-processes.Results. Unlike healthy controls, ADHD patients showed no interaction of subliminally and consciously triggered response conflicts. Instead, they only showed additive effects as their behavioural performance (accuracy) was equally impaired by each conflict and they showed no signs of task-goal shielding even in cases of low conflict load. Of note, this difference between ADHD and controls was not rooted in early bottom-up attentional stimulus processing as reflected by the P1 and N1 ERPs. Instead, ADHD showed either no or reversed modulations of conflict-related processes and response selection as reflected by the N2 and P3 ERPs.Conclusion. There are fundamental differences in the architecture of cognitive control which might be of use for future diagnostic procedures. Unlike healthy controls, ADHD patients do not seem to be endowed with a threshold which allows them to maintain high behavioural performance in the face of low conflict load. ADHD patients seem to lack sufficient top-down attentional resources to maintain correct response selection in the face of conflicts by shielding the response selection process from response tendencies evoked by any kind of distractor.