Generalized parton distributions
Generalized parton distributions
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DOI：
10.1140/epjst/e2007-00005-3
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Feldmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Feldmann
这些讲座介绍了广义部分子分布的概念、其唯象应用以及对理解核子结构的影响。第一节首先回顾了从深度非弹性散射得到的核子结构函数及其在部分子模型中的解释。包含QCD修正需要因式分解（传统）部分子分布函数（PDF）中编码的长距离动力学对部分子截面的短距离贡献。这一框架将在第2节中进行概括。有人认为，一类独特的高能量过程的描述，例如深虚康普顿散射（DVCS），涉及广义部分子分布（GPD），其理论性质将进行详细讨论。第三节是专门的现象学的GPD。我们讨论了一些例子，可以面对实验数据的理论参数化。最后，第4节致力于解释GPD在碰撞参数空间（“核子层析成像”）和连接到快速移动核子中的部分子的轨道动量分布。
These lectures give an introduction to the concept of generalized parton distributions, its phenomenological applications and the implications for the understanding of nucleon structure. We start in Section 1 with a review on nucleon structure functions obtained from deep inelastic scattering and their interpretation in the parton model. The inclusion of QCD corrections requires the factorization of short-distance contributions to partonic cross sections from long-distance dynamics encoded in (conventional) parton distribution functions (PDFs). This framework will be generalized in Section 2. It is argued that the description of a class of exclusive high-energy processes, like for instance deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS), involves generalized parton distributions (GPDs) whose theoretical properties will be discussed in some detail. Section 3 is devoted to the phenomenology of GPDs. We discuss some examples for theoretical parameterizations that can be confronted to experimental data. Finally, Section 4 is devoted to the interpretation of GPDs in impact parameter space (“nucleon tomography”) and the connection to the distribution of orbital momentum of partons in a fast-moving nucleon.