Perturbations in growth trajectory due to early diet affect age-related deterioration in performance.
Perturbations in growth trajectory due to early diet affect age-related deterioration in performance.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.12538
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Metcalfe NB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee WS;Monaghan P;Metcalfe NB
早期发育条件的波动可引起生长轨迹的变化，进而影响成年表型。在这里，我们研究了代偿性生长是否对衰老模式有长期影响。我们以三棘棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）为研究对象，表明在生命早期短暂的饮食控制不仅影响了饮食控制本身的骨骼生长速度，而且在随后的补偿阶段，当鱼的体型赶上对照组时，也会影响骨骼生长速度。然而，这种生长加速影响了游泳耐力及其在繁殖季节中的下降，经历了更快生长补偿的鱼下降得更快。同样，在接下来的两个繁殖季节中，加速生长导致繁殖周期（由性装饰的持续时间所表明）更明显地缩短，这表明生殖衰老更快。平行实验表明，如果鱼在繁殖季节之前面临更大的时间压力来完成补偿，则加速生长对这些与年龄相关的性能下降的影响会更大。与稳定生长的对照组相比，补偿性生长导致中位寿命减少12%。虽然寿命与最终达到的成年体型无关，但它与年龄相关的游泳耐力和性装饰的下降呈负相关。这些结果与通过温度而非饮食改变生长轨迹的结果相辅相成，表明加速生长的成本可以持续远远超过生长速度差异的时间，并受到接近生活史事件（如繁殖）的可用时间的影响。
Fluctuations in early developmental conditions can cause changes in growth trajectories that subsequently affect the adult phenotype. Here, we investigated whether compensatory growth has long‐term consequences for patterns of senescence. Using three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we show that a brief period of dietary manipulation in early life affected skeletal growth rate not only during the manipulation itself, but also during a subsequent compensatory phase when fish caught up in size with controls. However, this growth acceleration influenced swimming endurance and its decline over the course of the breeding season, with a faster decline in fish that had undergone faster growth compensation. Similarly, accelerated growth led to a more pronounced reduction in the breeding period (as indicated by the duration of sexual ornamentation) over the following two breeding seasons, suggesting faster reproductive senescence. Parallel experiments showed a heightened effect of accelerated growth on these age‐related declines in performance if the fish were under greater time stress to complete their compensation prior to the breeding season. Compensatory growth led to a reduction in median life span of 12% compared to steadily growing controls. While life span was independent of the eventual adult size attained, it was negatively correlated with the age‐related decline in swimming endurance and sexual ornamentation. These results, complementary to those found when growth trajectories were altered by temperature rather than dietary manipulations, show that the costs of accelerated growth can last well beyond the time over which growth rates differ and are affected by the time available until an approaching life‐history event such as reproduction.