Exploring violence: The role of neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, and other micro-places
Exploring violence: The role of neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, and other micro-places
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.018
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Snowden, Aleksandra J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snowden, Aleksandra J.
这项研究探讨了社区特征、酒精销售点、其他微型场所和社区暴力率之间的关系。先前的研究调查了酒精供应和暴力之间的关系，表明酒精销售点在暴力结果中起着重要作用，但我们对酒精销售点所在的更大环境知之甚少，包括社区中与酒精销售点并存的其他类型的地方的可用性如何影响酒精-暴力关系。我收集了关于简单和严重袭击的公开数据，社区特征（集中的劣势，集中的移民，居住稳定性和种族异质性），内部和外部网点，以及其他微观场所（学院和大学，小学和中学，金融服务，加油站，酒店和汽车旅馆，自助洗衣店，公园和游乐场，以及宿舍），然后将数据汇总到密尔沃基，威斯康星州的人口普查小组。我估计了空间滞后回归模型来测试这些关联，并比较了模型之间的结果。研究结果表明，一些社区特征和一些微场所是社区暴力的重要预测因子。重要的是，即使在模型中考虑了社区特征和微场所的影响，室外酒精销售点与简单和严重的袭击事件之间也始终存在显著的正相关关系。这项研究通过强调外部网点作为犯罪吸引者和犯罪产生者的重要性来解释暴力，从而有助于环境犯罪学理论和酒精可得性理论。
This study explores the association between neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, other micro-places, and neighborhood violence rates. Prior studies that examined the alcohol availability and violence associations suggested that alcohol outlets play an important role in violent outcomes, yet we know less about the larger environment in which alcohol outlets are located, including how the availability of other types of places that exist side by side with alcohol outlets in neighborhoods could influence the alcohol-violence relationships. I collected publicly available data on simple and aggravated assaults, neighborhood characteristics (concentrated disadvantage, concentrated immigration, residential stability, and ethnic heterogeneity), on- and off-premise outlets, and other micro-places (colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools, financial services, gas stations, hotels and motels, laundromats, parks and playgrounds, and rooming houses) and subsequently aggregated the data to Milwaukee, Wisconsin census block groups. I estimated spatially lagged regression models to test these associations and compared the results across the models. The findings show that some neighborhood characteristics and some micro-places are important predictors of neighborhood violence. Importantly, off-premise alcohol outlets have a consistently significant positive relationship with simple and aggravated assaults, even when the influence of the neighborhood characteristics and micro-places is accounted for in the models. This study contributes to the environmental criminology theories and alcohol availability theory by highlighting the importance of off-premise outlets as crime attractors and crime generators to explain violence.