Ozone effects on crops and consideration in crop models
Ozone effects on crops and consideration in crop models
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eja.2018.06.002
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Van Dingenen, Rita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emberson, Lisa D.;Pleijel, Hakan;Van Dingenen, Rita
我们回顾了臭氧将对农作物造成伤害和破坏的过程的现有知识。我们既通过了解臭氧吸收的限制(即臭氧从大气中的某个高度转移到树叶边界层并随后通过气孔吸收)，也通过导致吸收的臭氧剂量造成损害和/或伤害的植物内部过程来做到这一点。我们考虑了臭氧影响植物的各种尺度上的这些过程，从影响叶片水平生理的细胞代谢到整个树冠和根系的过程和反馈。我们探讨了这些影响如何影响叶片水平、光合作用和衰老(以及相关的碳同化)以及整个冠层资源的获取(例如，水和养分)，并最终影响作物的生长和产量。我们从开发作物生长模型的角度来考虑这些过程，这些模型能够将关键的臭氧影响过程纳入评估各种不同非生物胁迫下作物生长的模型结构中。这些模型将在被认为对决定作物生长和产量很重要的其他关键变量的背景下，对臭氧的影响进行动态评估。我们考虑通过评估现有的不同类型的作物模型(例如，经验模型、辐射利用效率模型和基于光合作用的作物生长模型)来实现这种模型的能力。最后，我们展示了国际活动，如农业建模和改进国际比较项目(AgMIP)，可以看到作物生长建模人员如何合作来评估不同作物模型模拟臭氧和其他压力影响的能力。开发能够包括臭氧影响的稳健作物生长模型将大大改善未来的国家、区域和全球风险评估，这些评估旨在评估臭氧在未来气候条件下在限制粮食供应方面可能发挥的作用。
We review current knowledge of the processes by which ozone will cause injury and damage to crop plants. We do this both through an understanding of the limitations to ozone uptake (i.e. ozone being transferred from some height in the atmosphere to the leaf boundary layer and subsequent uptake via the stomata) as well as through the internal plant processes that will result in the absorbed ozone dose causing damage and/or injury. We consider these processes across a range of scales by which ozone impacts plants, from cellular metabolism influencing leaf level physiology up to whole canopy and root system processes and feedbacks. We explore how these impacts affect leaf level photosynthesis and senescence (and associated carbon assimilation) as well as whole canopy resource acquisition (e.g. water and nutrients) and ultimately crop growth and yield. We consider these processes from the viewpoint of developing crop growth models capable of incorporating key ozone impact processes within modelling structures that assess crop growth under a variety of different abiotic stresses. These models would provide a dynamic assessment of the impact of ozone within the context of other key variables considered important in determining crop growth and yield. We consider the ability to achieve such modelling through an assessment of the different types of crop model currently available (e.g. empirical, radiation use efficiency, and photosynthesis based crop growth models). Finally, we show how international activities such as the AgMIP (Agricultural Modelling and Improvement Intercomparison Project) could see crop growth modellers collaborate to assess the capabilities of different crop models to simulate the effects of ozone and other stresses. The development of robust crop growth models capable of including ozone effects would substantially improve future national, regional and global risk assessments that aim to assess the role that ozone might play under future climatic conditions in limiting food supply.