From Genes to Brain to Antisocial Behavior
From Genes to Brain to Antisocial Behavior
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00599.x
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Raine, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raine, Adrian
这篇综述总结了最近的脑成像和分子遗传学研究结果的反社会，暴力和精神病行为。一个“基因-大脑-反社会行为”模型假设特定的基因导致大脑结构和功能的改变，反过来又导致反社会行为的倾向。例如，单胺氧化酶A（MAOA）基因中的一种常见多态性与反社会行为以及杏仁核和眶额（腹侧前额叶）皮质-脑结构的体积减少有关，这些结构在反社会个体中被发现受到损害。在这里，我强调了与反社会行为有关的关键大脑区域，重点是前额叶皮层，沿着这些区域表达反社会行为风险因素的方式。环境的影响可能会改变基因的表达，从而引发一连串的事件，将基因转化为反社会行为。神经伦理学的考虑包括如何确定责任和惩罚，假设在反社会个体中，道德的神经回路受到损害。
This review summarizes recent brain-imaging and molecular-genetic findings on antisocial, violent, and psychopathic behavior. A "genes to brain to antisocial behavior" model hypothesizes that specific genes result in structural and functional brain alterations that, in turn, predispose to antisocial behavior. For instance, a common polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been associated with both antisocial behavior and also reductions in the volume of the amygdala and orbitofrontal (ventral prefrontal) cortex-brain structures that are found to be compromised in antisocial individuals. Here I highlight key brain regions implicated in antisocial behavior, with an emphasis on the prefrontal cortex, along with ways these areas give expression to risk factors for antisocial behavior. Environmental influences may alter gene expression to trigger the cascade of events that translate genes into antisocial behavior. Neuroethical considerations include how responsibility and punishment should be determined given the hypothesis that neural circuits underlying morality are compromised in antisocial individuals.