Elusive ditrysian phylogeny: an account of combining systematized morphology with molecular data (Lepidoptera).
Elusive ditrysian phylogeny: an account of combining systematized morphology with molecular data (Lepidoptera).
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-015-0520-0
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发表时间：
2015-11-21
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kaila L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heikkilä M;Mutanen M;Wahlberg N;Sihvonen P;Kaila L
蝶蛾占所有蝴蝶和飞蛾的近99%。在基于DNA和转录组学数据的系统发育研究中，双河系超家族之间的进化关系受到了相当大的关注，但最深层的分歧在很大程度上仍未得到解决或相互矛盾。为了进一步了解这一支系的进化史，并验证以往关于白底亚纲的形态学划分的假设，我们研究了代表几乎所有白底亚纲超科和科的318个分类群的幼虫、蛹和成年雄性和雌性的形态学。我们提出了迄今为止最全面的形态学数据集，包括500多个形态学特征。这些数据被单独分析，并与序列数据（来自422个分类群的一个线粒体和七个核蛋白编码基因区域）相结合进行分析。完整的数据集由473个范例物种组成。使用最大似然方法和简约方法对形态学数据集进行分析。我们将探讨形态学数据和dna数据相结合是否可以稳定仅基于遗传数据的系统发育研究中不稳定的分类群。形态学特征在根尖节点（超科和科）的分离中具有系统发育上的信息，但作为更大组合的亲缘关系证据的特征很少。结果表明：单系的尾总科、尾总科和尾总科恢复，一些不稳定的类群（如尾总科、尾总科、尾总科+ schreckensteinio总科）有了稳定的位置。然而，一些这样的分类群仍然不稳定，即使形态学特征表明了它们在树中的位置（例如菊科）。提出了支持进化枝之间亲缘关系的证据，例如，一种新的幼虫突触性。我们还提出了与Alucitidae同义的概念。该大型形态数据集提供了白蛉形态特征的多样性和分布信息，可用于进一步研究这些特征的进化、鉴定关键字和鳞翅目化石的鉴定。“骨干”的系统发育的Ditrysia在很大程度上仍未解决。正如之前提出的解释，在解析深层节点时分子信号的缺乏，这可能是由于白垩纪dirysia的快速辐射。本文的在线版本（doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0520-0）包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
Ditrysia comprise close to 99 % of all butterflies and moths. The evolutionary relationships among the ditrysian superfamilies have received considerable attention in phylogenetic studies based on DNA and transcriptomic data, but the deepest divergences remain for large parts unresolved or contradictory. To obtain complementary insight into the evolutionary history of the clade, and to test previous hypotheses on the subdivision of Ditrysia based on morphology, we examine the morphology of larvae, pupae and adult males and females of 318 taxa representing nearly all ditrysian superfamilies and families. We present the most comprehensive morphological dataset on Ditrysia to date, consisting of over 500 morphological characters. The data are analyzed alone and combined with sequence data (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear protein-coding gene regions, sequenced from 422 taxa). The full dataset consists of 473 exemplar species. Analyses are performed using maximum likelihood methods, and parsimony methods for the morphological dataset. We explore whether combining morphological data and DNA-data can stabilize taxa that are unstable in phylogenetic studies based on genetic data only. Morphological characters are found phylogenetically informative in resolving apical nodes (superfamilies and families), but characters serving as evidence of relatedness of larger assemblages are few. Results include the recovery of a monophyletic Tineoidea, Sesioidea and Cossoidea, and a stable position for some unstable taxa (e.g. Epipyropidae, Cyclotornidae, Urodoidea + Schreckensteinioidea). Several such taxa, however, remain unstable even though morphological characters indicate a position in the tree (e.g. Immidae). Evidence supporting affinities between clades are suggested, e.g. a novel larval synapomorphy for Tineidae. We also propose the synonymy of Tineodidae with Alucitidae, syn. nov. The large morphological dataset provides information on the diversity and distribution of morphological traits in Ditrysia, and can be used in future research on the evolution of these traits, in identification keys and in identification of fossil Lepidoptera. The “backbone” of the phylogeny for Ditrysia remains largely unresolved. As previously proposed as an explanation for the scarcity of molecular signal in resolving the deeper nodes, this may be due to the rapid radiation of Ditrysia in the Cretaceous. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0520-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.