INSPIRED TO PERSPIRE: THE INTERPLAY OF SOCIAL COMPARISON DIRECTION AND STANDARD EXTREMITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CHALLENGING EXERCISING GOALS
INSPIRED TO PERSPIRE: THE INTERPLAY OF SOCIAL COMPARISON DIRECTION AND STANDARD EXTREMITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CHALLENGING EXERCISING GOALS
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DOI：
10.1521/soco.2019.37.3.247
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Hofmann, Wilhelm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diel, Kathi;Hofmann, Wilhelm
人们追求具有挑战性的健康目标，往往成功与否不确定。在这篇文章中，我们结合了社会比较的社会认知框架与自我调节的动机原则，探讨了突出的社会比较标准如何影响锻炼目标的动机。在三项研究中，我们系统地将参与者暴露于四个比较标准之一，这些标准在比较方向（向上与向下）和标准极端（中度与极端）上各不相同。我们一直发现，适度向上的标准会导致激励的提升，而极端向下的比较标准则没有激励潜力。然而，也有一些证据，虽然不太一致，适度的向下标准的激励作用（研究1和2），这表明一个预防性或竞争性的分界效果，极端的向上标准，这表明过度自信（研究3）。从理论的角度来看，我们的研究结果表明，当代信息处理模型的社会比较（同化和对比）可能不完全足以也涵盖动机的后果。
People pursue challenging health goals, often with uncertain success. In this article, we combined a social-cognitive framework of social comparison with motivational principles in self-regulation to investigate how salient social comparison standards impact motivation toward exercising goals. Across three studies, we systematically expose participants to one of four comparison standards varying in comparison direction (upward vs. downward) and standard extremity (moderate vs. extreme). We consistently find that moderately upward standards result in a motivational boost and that extreme downward comparison standards have no motivational potential. However, there was also some evidence, although less consistently, for a motivating effect of moderate downward standards (Studies 1 and 2), suggesting a preventive or competitive demarcation effect, and for extreme upward standards, suggesting overconfidence (Study 3). From a theoretical perspective, our findings suggest that contemporary information-processing models of social comparison (assimilation and contrast) may not be fully adequate to also cover the motivational consequences.