The life and times of cellular senescence in skeletal muscle: friend or foe for homeostasis and adaptation?
The life and times of cellular senescence in skeletal muscle: friend or foe for homeostasis and adaptation?
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骨骼肌细胞衰老的寿命和时间：体内平衡和适应的朋友还是敌人？
DOI：
10.1152/ajpcell.00553.2022
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Murach,KevinA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dungan,CoryM;Wells,JadenM;Murach,KevinA
骨骼肌质量和功能的逐渐下降与有机体衰老期间死亡率和疾病风险的增加密切相关。运动训练是增强肌肉健康的最有效方法，但对运动的适应性反应以及肌肉修复潜力在老年人中减弱。随着衰老的进展，许多机制导致肌肉质量和可塑性的丧失。一个新兴的机构，最近的证据表明，肌肉中的衰老（“僵尸”）细胞的积累作为一个促成因素的老化表型。衰老细胞不能分裂，但可以释放炎症因子，并为稳态和适应创造不利的环境。总的来说，一些证据表明，具有衰老特征的细胞可能有利于肌肉的适应过程，特别是在年轻的时候。新出现的证据也表明，多核肌纤维可能会衰老。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前有关骨骼肌中衰老细胞流行的文献，并强调了去除衰老细胞对肌肉质量、功能和适应性的影响。我们研究了骨骼肌衰老领域的关键限制，并确定了需要进一步研究的领域。新&值得注意的是，有证据表明，衰老的“僵尸”细胞可能会或可能不会在衰老的骨骼肌中积累。当肌肉受到干扰时，无论年龄大小，衰老样细胞确实会出现，去除它们的好处可能与年龄有关。需要更多的工作来确定肌肉中衰老细胞的积累和来源的大小。无论如何，衰老肌肉的药物衰老清除治疗有利于适应。
A gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass and function is closely tied to increased mortality and disease risk during organismal aging. Exercise training is the most effective way to enhance muscle health, but the adaptive response to exercise as well as muscle repair potential is blunted in older individuals. Numerous mechanisms contribute to the loss of muscle mass and plasticity as aging progresses. An emerging body of recent evidence implicates an accumulation of senescent (“zombie”) cells in muscle as a contributing factor to the aging phenotype. Senescent cells cannot divide but can release inflammatory factors and create an unfavorable environment for homeostasis and adaptation. On balance, some evidence indicates that cells with senescent characteristics can be beneficial for the muscle adaptive process, specifically at younger ages. Emerging evidence also suggests that multinuclear muscle fibers could become senescent. In this review, we summarize current literature on the prevalence of senescent cells in skeletal muscle and highlight the consequences of senescent cell removal on muscle mass, function, and adaptability. We examine key limitations in the field of senescence specifically in skeletal muscle and identify areas of research that require future investigation.NEW & NOTEWORTHYThere is evidence to suggest that senescent “zombie” cells may or may not accrue in aging skeletal muscle. When muscle is perturbed regardless of age, senescent-like cells do appear, and the benefits of removing them could be age-dependent. More work is needed to determine the magnitude of accumulation and source of senescent cells in muscle. Regardless, pharmacological senolytic treatment of aged muscle is beneficial for adaptation.